Vision 2023
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The 2023 vision was a set of goals released by the administration of Prime Minister (now President) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in 2010 and 2011, to coincide with the centenary of the Republic of Turkey in 2023.
Elements of the 2023 vision
Summarize
Perspective
Economy
- Become one of the top ten world economies by 2023.
- Gross domestic product of $1 trillion by 2014 (Assessment: $0.934 trillion in 2014)[1] and of $2 trillion.
- Per capita income of $25,000.
- Increase annual Turkish exports to $500 billion.
- Foreign trade volume of $1 trillion.
- Increase the employment rate by 10 points to a working population of 30 million.
- Reduce the unemployment rate to 5 percent.
- Addition of income through applying duty on ocean trade through Straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles.
Progress on economic goals
| Policy | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top ten world economies (GDP) | 17th | 18th | 16th | 17th | 19th | 19th | 19th | 18th | 10th |
| Top ten world economies (GDP PPP) | 18th | 16th | 13th | 13th | 13th | 11th | 11th | 11th | 10th |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) | $0.648 trillion | $0.838 trillion | $0.938 trillion | $0.869 trillion | $0.780 trillion | $0.818 trillion | $0.905 trillion | $1.108 trillion | $2.00 trillion |
| Gross domestic product (GDP PPP) | $1.17 trillion | $1.45 trillion | $1.86 trillion | $2,12 trillion | $2.40 trillion | $2.96 trillion | $3.35 trillion | $3.63 trillion | $2.00 trillion |
| Per capita income (GDP) | $8,941 | $11,221 | $12,079 | $10,891 | $9,514 | $9,663 | $10,621 | $12,849 | $25,000 |
| Per capita income (GDP PPP) | $16,089 | $19,459 | $23,945 | $26,513 | $29,327 | $35,018 | $39,280 | $42,063 | $25,000 |
| Annual exports | $102 billion | $135 billion | $166 billion | $149 billion | $177 billion | $225 billion | $254 billion | $255 billion | $500 billion |
| Foreign trade volume | $0,24 trillion | $0,38 trillion | $0,42 trillion | $0,35 trillion | $0,41 trillion | $0,50 trillion | $0,62 trillion | $0,62 trillion | $1,00 trillion |
| Employment rate | 21.3 million | 24.1 million | 25.9 million | 27.2 million | 28.7 million | 28.8 million | 31.2 million | 34.9 million | 30 million |
| Unemployment rate | 13.1% | 9.1% | 9.9% | 10.9% | 11.0% | 10.6% | 10.2% | 9,4% | 5% |
Energy
- Build 20,000 Megawatt installed capacity of wind energy and 600 Megawatt installed capacity of geothermal energy[2]
- Reduce energy consumption to 20 percent below 2010 levels through improved efficiency[3]
- Three operating nuclear power plants and those plants are expected to have an installed capacity of 14,700 Megawatt.
Foreign policy
Turkey's foreign-policy objectives and vision as articulated by former Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu:
First, Turkey aims to achieve all EU membership conditions and become an influential EU member state by 2023. Second, it will continue to strive for regional integration, in the form of security and economic cooperation. Third, it will seek to play an influential role in regional conflict resolution. Fourth, it will vigorously participate in all global arenas. Fifth, it will play a determining role in international organizations and become one of the top 10 largest economies in the world. To achieve them, Turkey must make progress in all directions and in every field, take an interest in every issue related to global stability, and contribute accordingly.[4]
In 2016, President Erdoğan called for a referendum after Britain's decision on leaving the European Union.
Health care
- 100 percent participation in health insurance systems
- Raise the number of physicians per 100,000 people to 210 physicians (185 currently)
Transport
- Build 11 thousand kilometers of new railway and expand the high-speed train network
- Build 15 thousand kilometers of divided highway
- Grow ports to number among world's 10 largest
- Domestically produced airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite[5]
Tourism
- Be the fifth largest tourist destination[6]
- Host 50 million visitors
- Obtain US$50 billion of tourism revenue[7]
Progress on tourism goals
| Policy | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2019 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fifth largest tourist destination | 6th | 6th | 6th | 10th | 6th | 6th | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 5th |
| Amount of tourist visitors | 27,3 million | 31,3 million | 36,8 million | 25,3 million | 45.8 million | 51.2 million | 29.9 million | 50.5 million | 55.2 million | 50,0 million |
| Tourism revenue[8] | $25,1 billion | $28,1 billion | $34,3 billion | $22,1 billion | $29,5 billion | $42,4 billion | $24,5 billion | $41,2 billion | 49,5 billion | $50,0 billion |
Effects on the progress of 2023 vision
Summarize
Perspective
2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
On the summer of 2016, a coup d'état was attempted in Turkey against state institutions, including the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The attempt was carried out by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces that organized themselves as the Peace at Home Council.[9] They attempted to seize control of several key places in Ankara, Istanbul, and elsewhere, but failed to do so after forces loyal to the state defeated them.
During the coup, over 300 people were killed and more than 2,100 were injured. Many government buildings, including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace, were bombed from the air.[citation needed] Mass arrests followed, with at least 40,000 detained,[10] including at least 10,000 soldiers and 2,745 judges. A significant amount of tourists cancelled their trip to Turkey.
2018 Turkish currency and debt crisis
The Turkish currency was characterized by a plunging value of the Turkish lira, high inflation, rising borrowing costs and corresponding loan defaults. In 2018, the lira's exchange rate accelerated deterioration, reaching a level of US$4.5/TRY by mid-May. Among economists, the accelerating loss of value was generally attributed to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan preventing the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey from making the necessary interest rate adjustments.[11][12] Erdogan, who claimed interest rates beyond his control to be "the mother and father of all evil", said that "the central bank can't take this independence and set aside the signals given by the president."[11]
COVID-19 pandemic
The global COVID-19 pandemic triggered severe social and economic disruption around the world, including the largest global recession since the Great Depression.[13] Governmental interventions, including travel restrictions and lockdowns, had a major effect on the economic and tourism goals.[14][15]
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Turkey's economic policy has received significant setbacks as a result of the 2022 Russia's invasion of Ukraine, with gasoline price rising, canceled vacation bookings and textile purchases, and worries of food shortages.[16][17] In the previous years, Turkey received the most tourists from Russia.[18]
References
External links
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