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The 2006 United States Senate election in Virginia was held November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican Senator George Allen ran for reelection to a second term but was narrowly defeated by former Secretary of the Navy Jim Webb, who earned 49.6% of the vote to Allen's 49.2%. With a margin of just 0.4%, this election was the closest race of the 2006 Senate election cycle. This was the second consecutive election for this seat where the incumbent lost re-election. Webb did not seek reelection in 2012, and was succeeded by fellow Democrat Tim Kaine, who defeated Allen by 5.9 percentage points to win the open seat.
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| Turnout | 44.0% (voting eligible)[1] | ||||||||||||||||
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Webb: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Allen: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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Allen, who previously served as Governor of Virginia and was considered a possible candidate for president in 2008, was running for his second term. Webb, a decorated Vietnam War veteran, writer and former Secretary of the Navy under Ronald Reagan won the Democratic nomination after being drafted by netroots activists, such as those at the blog Raising Kaine. Polls clearly favored Allen through mid-August, but on August 11, he was filmed using the ethnic slur Macaca in reference to a Webb campaign volunteer, S.R. Sidarth, who is of Indian ancestry. He also told Sidarth, "Welcome to America and the real world of Virginia," despite the fact that Sidar was born and raised in Fairfax County, and was a University of Virginia student at the time. Allen denied any prejudice in the comment, but the video was quickly spread online, and the gaffe caused his lead to shrink considerably. Still, he led in most polls until late October, when several surveys showed Webb with a lead—mostly within the margin of error. The election was not decided until nearly 48 hours after the polls closed, when Allen, behind by a margin of about 0.3%, conceded on November 9, 2006. With all of the other Senate races decided, the outcome swung control of the Senate to the Democrats.[2]
Federal Election Commission reports show that in the first part of 2006, Miller raised more than twice as much money as Webb, who entered the race in February. (Miller contributed over $1 million to his own campaign, 60% of what he raised.[5])
The week before the primary, Miller said a Webb campaign flier characterized him in an anti-Semitic way; Webb denied that it did.[6]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Jim Webb | 83,298 | 53.47 | |
| Democratic | Harris Miller | 72,486 | 46.53 | |
| Total votes | 155,784 | 100.00 | ||
This election involved several controversies involving both Webb and Allen, most notably the "macaca incident," which began Allen's decline in the polls and eventual loss.
Webb focused on his early and outspoken opposition to the war in Iraq, which Allen supported. In a September 4, 2002, opinion piece in The Washington Post, Webb wrote: "A long-term occupation of Iraq would beyond doubt require an adjustment of force levels elsewhere, and could eventually diminish American influence in other parts of the world."[8] Webb's son, a U.S. Marine, served in Iraq.
Allen and Webb differed on other issues. Allen was opposed to abortion rights; Webb supported them. Allen supported George W. Bush's tax cuts while Webb said more of the benefits should have gone to middle-class Americans.[9] Both candidates supported the death penalty, right-to-work laws, and Second Amendment rights.
Allen retained a substantial lead in fundraising: $6.6 million on hand to Webb's $1.1 million through September 15, 2006.[10]
Meet the Press debate
On September 17, 2006, Allen and Webb appeared on NBC's Meet the Press for a debate. Part of the program's debate series on the midterm elections, the debate heavily discussed both the original Gulf War and the present war in Iraq. Host Tim Russert questioned Webb about his initial support for Allen's 2000 U.S. Senate run, as well as what led him to later oppose Allen. Russert also questioned Allen about a remark Webb made concerning his interactions with Allen at the start of the Iraq conflict. Webb asserted that he approached Allen regarding U.S. involvement in the region and cautioned against military action. Webb also claimed that Allen responded to this by saying "You're asking me to be disloyal to the president." After being questioned on this by Russert, Allen clarified by saying "No, it's loyalty to this country, and making sure that our country is unified in, in this, in this effort to disarm Saddam Hussein. That was the point." Allen also addressed what he saw as a weakness in Webb, claiming his opponent wanted to withdraw from Iraq. Webb clarified his belief that the U.S. has a commitment to ensure Iraq is stable before withdrawing, but also reasserted that a permanent U.S. presence in Iraq is not an option.
The debate likewise covered an upcoming vote on the use of coercive interrogation methods on enemy combatants. Allen stated that he had not yet made a decision on how to vote, but stated "Now, the key in all of this is I don't want to stop these interrogations. I'm not for torture, I'm not for waterboarding, but some of these techniques have been very helpful to us, whether they are sleep deprivation, or whether there's loud music. And I need to be absolutely certain that what the interrogations—interrogators are doing now—which is completely fine as far as I'm concerned, protecting Americans—will not be harmed by the proposal." Webb expressed that this was an issue close to him as a former soldier, but also stated that he did not believe interrogations should be ended completely. Webb however reaffirmed his concerns that if the U.S. abandons the Geneva Convention its soldiers will suffer abroad.
Russert questioned Webb on the recent allegations that his 1979 Washingtonian article fostered hostility towards female students at the Naval Academy. Webb responded as he had in prior press releases, expressing his regret for the repercussions of the article. Russert similarly asked Allen about a statement he made in 2000 in the pages of American Enterprise magazine: "If [Virginia Military Institute] admitted women, it wouldn't be the VMI that we've known for 154 years. You just don't treat women the way you treat fellow cadets. If you did, it would be ungentlemanly, it would be improper." Allen responded that VMI has made great progress in a co-ed curriculum, making women cadets more of a possibility than at the time he made the statement.[11]
This Week debate
On September 18, 2006, George Stephanopoulos moderated a debate between Allen and Webb, as part of his program This Week on ABC. Topics included national security, Iraq, the economy, the conduct of the campaign, and other issues.
League of Women Voters debate
On October 9, 2006, the League of Women Voters sponsored a debate between Allen and Webb. The format consisted of the candidates answering series of questions from the moderator, from the LWV panel, and finally from each other. Largely, the responses from the candidates did not expand on the body of knowledge already present in their television and radio commercials. The overall feel of the debate was somewhat combative, with Allen frequently going overtime on responses and a round of uncontrolled verbal jousting after Allen cited Webb's prior statements on raising taxes.
| Source | Ranking | As of |
|---|---|---|
| The Cook Political Report[12] | Tossup | November 6, 2006 |
| Sabato's Crystal Ball[13] | Tilt D (flip) | November 6, 2006 |
| Rothenberg Political Report[14] | Lean D (flip) | November 6, 2006 |
| Real Clear Politics[15] | Tossup | November 6, 2006 |
| Source | Date | Jim Webb (D) |
George Allen (R) |
Gail Parker (IG) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rasmussen[17] | December 9, 2005 | 26% | 57% | |
| Rasmussen[18] | February 14, 2006 | 37% | 49% | |
| Rasmussen[19] | March 28, 2006 | 30% | 54% | |
| Zogby/WSJ[20] | March 31, 2006 | 42% | 49% | |
| Rasmussen[21] | April 19, 2006 | 30% | 50% | |
| Rasmussen[22] | June 20, 2006 | 41% | 51% | |
| Zogby/WSJ[23] | June 21, 2006 | 44% | 49% | |
| Associated Press/Ipsos[24] | June 27, 2006 | 39% | 46% | |
| Survey USA[25] | June 28, 2006 | 37% | 56% | 2% |
| Zogby[26] | July 15, 2006 | 37% | 47% | |
| Zogby/WSJ[27] | July 24, 2006 | 41% | 52% | |
| Rasmussen[28] | July 27, 2006 | 39% | 50% | |
| Mason-Dixon[29] | July 30, 2006 | 32% | 48% | |
| Rasmussen[30] | August 17, 2006 | 42% | 47% | |
| SurveyUSA[31] | August 21, 2006 | 45% | 48% | 2% |
| Zogby/WSJ[32] | August 27, 2006 | 48% | 47% | |
| Mason-Dixon[33] | September 10, 2006 | 42% | 46% | |
| Zogby/WSJ[34] | September 10, 2006 | 50% | 43% | |
| SurveyUSA[35] | September 13, 2006 | 45% | 48% | 3% |
| Rasmussen[36] | September 15, 2006 | 43% | 50% | |
| Mason-Dixon/MSNBC[37] | September 23–27, 2006 | 43% | 43% | 2% |
| SurveyUSA[38] | September 27, 2006 | 44% | 49% | 2% |
| Zogby/WSJ[39] | September 28, 2006 | 44% | 49% | |
| SurveyUSA[40] | September 29, 2006 | 44% | 50% | 2% |
| Rasmussen[41] | October 2, 2006 | 43% | 49% | |
| Reuters/Zogby[42] | October 5, 2006 | 37% | 48% | |
| USA Today/Gallup[43] | October 6, 2006 | 45% | 48% | |
| Rasmussen[44] | October 12, 2006 | 46% | 49% | |
| Washington Post[45] | October 15, 2006 | 47% | 49% | 2% |
| Zogby/WSJ[46] | October 19, 2006 | 47% | 50% | |
| Mason-Dixon[47] | October 23, 2006 | 43% | 47% | 2% |
| Los Angeles Times/Bloomberg[48] | October 24, 2006 | 47% | 44% | |
| SurveyUSA[49] | October 25, 2006 | 46% | 49% | 2% |
| Rasmussen[50] | October 27, 2006 | 48% | 49% | |
| GHY (D)[51] | October 26–29, 2006 | 47% | 43% | |
| Zogby/WSJ[52] | October 28, 2006 | 51% | 47% | |
| Rasmussen[53] | October 29, 2006 | 51% | 46% | |
| CNN[54] | October 31, 2006 | 50% | 46% | |
| Rasmussen[55] | November 2, 2006 | 49% | 49% | |
| Reuters/Zogby[56] | November 2, 2006 | 45% | 44% | |
| Gallup[57] | November 1–3, 2006 | 46% | 49% | |
| Mason-Dixon[58] | November 4, 2006 | 46% | 45% | 2% |
| SurveyUSA[59] | November 6, 2006 | 52% | 44% | 2% |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Jim Webb | 1,175,606 | 49.59% | +1.91% | |
| Republican | George Allen (incumbent) | 1,166,277 | 49.20% | −3.05% | |
| Independent Greens | Gail Parker | 26,102 | 1.10% | +1.10% | |
| Write-in | 2,460 | 0.10% | +0.04% | ||
| Total votes | 2,370,445 | 100.00% | N/A | ||
| Democratic gain from Republican | |||||
Despite losing, Allen won 7 of 11 congressional districts, including one that elected a Democrat. Webb won 4, including two that elected Republicans. [61]
| District | Allen* | Webb | Representative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 54.4% | 44.2% | Jo Ann Davis |
| 2nd | 51.0% | 47.7% | Thelma Drake |
| 3rd | 30.7% | 67.9% | Robert C. Scott |
| 4th | 54.1% | 44.6% | Randy Forbes |
| 5th | 53.8% | 45.1% | Virgil Goode |
| 6th | 58.3% | 40.4% | Bob Goodlatte |
| 7th | 56.7% | 42.1% | Eric Cantor |
| 8th | 29.9% | 68.9% | Jim Moran |
| 9th | 54.8% | 44.0% | Rick Boucher |
| 10th | 48.8% | 50.0% | Frank Wolf |
| 11th | 44.2% | 54.7% | Thomas M. Davis |
Virginia had historically been one of the more Republican Southern states. For instance, it was the only Southern state not to vote for Jimmy Carter in 1976. Prior to the 2006 election, its congressional delegation was mostly conservative, with eight of eleven Representatives and both Senators belonging to the Republican Party, making its Congressional delegation the most Republican of any Southern state. Despite this, Democrats had won the gubernatorial races in 2001 and 2005. The state's political majority has been changing from conservative white to a mixture of races, especially Hispanic. The state is increasingly diverse; it has the highest percentage of Asians (4.7%, according to the 2005 American Community Survey of the U.S. Census) of any Southern state. 9.9% of Virginians are foreign-born.[62] Webb, like Governor Tim Kaine in 2005, won the four major fast-growing counties in Northern Virginia outside Washington, D.C.; Fairfax County, Loudoun, Prince William and Arlington. In 2008, President Barack Obama carried Virginia by a 6.3% margin over Republican Senator John McCain, while the Democratic nominee for Senate, Mark Warner, won the open seat, defeating Republican candidate Jim Gilmore by over 30 points.
When results began coming in, Allen quickly built a sizeable lead, which began to narrow as the night went on. With 90% of precincts reporting, Allen held a lead of about 30,000 votes,[63] or about 1.5%. However, as votes began to come in from population-heavy Richmond, Webb narrowed the gap, and pulled ahead within the last 1 or 2% of precincts to report. Preliminary results showed Webb holding a lead of 8,942 votes,[64] and many news organizations hesitated to call the election for either candidate until the next day. At 8:41 PM EST on November 8, AP declared Webb the winner.[65] Webb was the sixth Democrat to defeat an incumbent Republican Senator in 2006, and his victory gave Democrats control of the Senate. In all Virginia elections, if the margin of defeat is less than half of a percentage point, the Commonwealth of Virginia allows the apparent losing candidate to request a recount, paid for by the local jurisdictions. If the margin of defeat is between one and one-half of a percentage point, the losing candidate is still entitled to request a recount, but must cover its expense.[66][67] Because the difference was less than 0.5%, George Allen could have requested a recount paid for by the government, but declined to make such a request. That was likely because:
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