1st Rockbridge Artillery

The 1st Rockbridge Artillery was a light artillery battery in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.

1st Rockbridge Artillery
Flag of Virginia
Active	29 April 1861–9 April 1865
Country	Confederate States of America
Branch	Confederate States Army
Type	Artillery
Size	Battery of four field guns
Nickname(s)	Pendelton's Battery, McLaughlin's Battery, Poague's Battery, Graham's Battery
Engagements	American Civil War First Battle of Manassas First Battle of Kernstown Battle of Port Republic Battle of Malvern Hill Battle of Antietam Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of Chancellorsville Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Spotsylvania Court House Siege of Petersburg Battle of Appomattox Court House
Commanders
Notable commanders	William N. Pendleton William T. Poague

The 1st Rockbridge Artillery were organized as part of the Stonewall Brigade in late April 1861 in Lexington, Virginia, from men of Rockbridge County. The battery fought at the First Battle of Manassas, supporting the brigade in its defense of Henry House Hill on 21 July. The battery provided artillery support for the brigade in the First Battle of Kernstown, the Battle of Port Republic, the Battle of Malvern Hill, the Second Battle of Manassas, and the Battle of Antietam. In October 1862 the 1st Rockbridge Artillery was detached from the brigade, and from that point in the war would be part of corps artillery battalions. The battery fought in the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, and the Siege of Petersburg. After the Confederate abandonment of Petersburg, the 1st Rockbridge Artillery joined in the retreat and surrendered at Appomattox Court House on 9 April 1865.^[1]

History

Formation

The seventy men of the 1st Rockbridge Artillery were organized in April 1861 by VMI professor John McCausland. William N. Pendleton took command of the battery in late April after McCausland was transferred to command another unit. The battery was initially equipped with two 6-pounders from VMI and two guns from Richmond. Pendleton named the first four guns "Matthew", "Mark", "Luke", and "John", after the Apostles. On 11 May, the battery departed for Harpers Ferry, where it joined Thomas J. Jackson's Virginia brigade, which was later called the Stonewall Brigade.^[1]

First Manassas

On 18 July, the battery moved east with the Stonewall Brigade to link up with Confederate general P. G. T. Beauregard's troops at Manassas Junction. On 21 July, during the First Battle of Manassas, Pendleton's Battery was among the Confederate batteries defending the key position of the battle, Henry House Hill. The battery was visited by Confederate president Jefferson Davis, who had gone to Manassas to watch the battle, during the Union retreat. In the aftermath of the battle, the battery received captured Union cannon.^[1]

See also

• List of Virginia Civil War units

References

1. Atkinson, Matt (19 November 2015). "First Rockbridge Artillery". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 15 March 2017.

• Driver, Robert J. Jr. The 1st and 2nd Rockbridge Artillery, The Virginia Regimental Histories Series. Lynchburg, Virginia.: H. E. Howard, Inc., 1987.

Further reading

• Moore, Edward A. The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall Jackson. New York and Washington, D.C.: The Neale Publishing Company, 1907. Reprint, Time-Life Books, Inc., 1983.