1999 Turkish general election

General elections were held in Turkey on Sunday, 18 April 1999. For the first time, local, council and parliamentary elections were held on the same day. Bülent Ecevit's Democratic Left Party (DSP) had been soaring in popularity after the capture of Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Öcalan,^[1] emerged as the biggest party and swept the board in most of Turkey's western provinces. It failed, however, to obtain an overall majority, and did not do nearly as well in the eastern provinces.

1999 Turkish general election

← 1995 18 April 1999 2002 →
All 550 seats in the Grand National Assembly 276 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	87.09% (1.89pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Bülent Ecevit Devlet Bahçeli Recai Kutan Party DSP MHP FP Last election 14.64%, 76 seats 8.18%, 0 seats 21.38%, 158 seats[a] Seats won 136 129 111 Seat change 60 129 47 Popular vote 6,919,670 5,606,583 4,805,381 Percentage 22.19% 17.98% 15.41% Swing 7.55pp 9.80pp 5.97pp   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Mesut Yılmaz Tansu Çiller Party ANAP DYP Last election 19.65%, 132 seats 19.18%, 135 seats Seats won 86 85 Seat change 46 50 Popular vote 4,122,929 3,745,417 Percentage 13.22% 12.01% Swing 6.43pp 7.17pp
Results by province
Prime Minister before election Bülent Ecevit DSP Elected Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit DSP

The second largest party (dubbed "the second winner" by the press the following day) became the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), which performed strongly nationwide, producing MPs from nearly all of the country's 81 provinces. The largest party of the last election, the Virtue Party (FP), returned to opposition after shedding forty-seven seats and a million votes. The decline of the Republican People's Party continued; this was the first and the only time in the history of the republic when the party failed to cross the 10 percent threshold for parliamentary representation.^[2] This was the last election which produced a hung parliament until the June 2015 general election.

Background

During the 1997 Turkish military memorandum, in case the Welfare Party were to be banned, the Virtue Party was founded in December 1997. The Welfare Party was subsequently banned in January 1998.^[2]

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Democratic Left Party	6,919,670	22.19	136	+60
	Nationalist Movement Party	5,606,583	17.98	129	+129
	Virtue Party	4,805,381	15.41	111	–47
	Motherland Party	4,122,929	13.22	86	–46
	True Path Party	3,745,417	12.01	85	–50
	Republican People's Party	2,716,094	8.71	0	–49
	People's Democracy Party	1,482,196	4.75	0	0
	Great Unity Party	456,353	1.46	0	New
	Freedom and Solidarity Party	248,553	0.80	0	New
	Democrat Turkey Party	179,871	0.58	0	New
	Liberal Democratic Party	127,174	0.41	0	New
	Democratic Party	92,093	0.30	0	New
	Nation Party	79,370	0.25	0	0
	Peace Party	78,922	0.25	0	New
	Workers' Party	57,607	0.18	0	0
	Labour Party	51,756	0.17	0	New
	Rebirth Party	44,787	0.14	0	0
	Socialist Power Party	37,680	0.12	0	New
	Changing Turkey Party	37,175	0.12	0	New
	Democracy and Peace Party	24,620	0.08	0	New
	Independents	270,265	0.87	3	+3
Total		31,184,496	100.00	550	0
Valid votes		31,184,496	95.49
Invalid/blank votes		1,471,574	4.51
Total votes		32,656,070	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		37,495,217	87.09
Source: BBC Turkish Service [3]

Aftermath

Bülent Ecevit formed the country's latest coalition government, against the FP, with the second-placed MHP and the fourth-placed Motherland Party (ANAP) as a junior partner. The DYP was consulted during coalition negotiations, but ended up in opposition. The DSP–MHP–ANAP coalition turned out to be one of the most stable in many years, surviving without change until Ecevit's hospitalisation and subsequent refusal to resign in 2002 prompted a wave of resignations from the DSP and early general elections. Five parties in the parliament (DSP, MHP, FP, ANAP and DYP) all failed to gain seats in 2002 elections.

Notes

1. As the Welfare Party; following the Welfare Party's ban by the Constitutional Court, its members founded the Virtue Party.

References

1. Şafak, Yeni (2023-07-03). "Türkiye uçurumda: 1999 genel seçimi". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 2023-03-07.
2. "Haritalarla Seçimler: 1999 Genel Seçimleri". Türkiye Raporu (in Turkish). 2023-02-20. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
3. "SEÇİM 2002". BBC News.