1994 European Parliament election in Spain

The 1994 European Parliament election in Spain was held on Sunday, 12 June 1994, as part of the EU-wide election to elect the 4th European Parliament. All 64 seats allocated to Spain as per the 1993 Council Decision amending the Direct Elections Act were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with a regional election in Andalusia.

1994 European Parliament election in Spain

← 1989 12 June 1994 1999 →
← outgoing members elected members →
All 64 Spanish seats in the European Parliament
Opinion polls
Registered	31,558,999 7.8%
Turnout	18,664,055 (59.1%) 4.4 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Abel Matutes Fernando Morán Alonso Puerta Party PP PSOE IU Alliance EPP PES EUL Leader since 18 November 1993 10 April 1987 2 March 1994 Leader's seat Spain Spain Spain Last election 15 seats, 21.4% 27 seats, 40.2%[a] 4 seats, 6.1% Seats won 28 22 9 Seat change 13 5 5 Popular vote 7,453,900 5,719,707 2,497,671 Percentage 40.1% 30.8% 13.4% Swing 18.7 pp 9.4 pp 7.3 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Carles Gasòliba Josu Jon Imaz Carlos Garaikoetxea Party CiU CN PEP Alliance ELDR EPP EPP ERA RBW Leader since 1 January 1986 27 February 1994 29 April 1987 Leader's seat Spain Spain Spain (lost) Last election 2 seats, 4.5%[b] 1 seat, 2.6%[c] 1 seat, 1.6%[d] Seats won 3 2 0 Seat change 1 1 1 Popular vote 865,913 518,532 239,339 Percentage 4.7% 2.8% 1.3% Swing 0.2 pp 0.2 pp 0.1 pp
Vote winner strength by province Vote winner strength by autonomous community

The election was held against the backdrop of the early 1990s recession and a string of corruption scandals affecting the ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) of Prime Minister Felipe González. The most recent involved former Civil Guard director Luis Roldán, who had fled the country in early 1994 when it was discovered that he had used his office to amass a fortune through fraudulent means, resulting in the resignation of interior minister Antoni Asunción in the month leading to the election. The People's Party (PP) won in a landslide victory, the first PP win over the PSOE in a nationwide election.^[1]

Electoral system

64 members of the European Parliament were allocated to Spain as per the 1993 Council Decision amending the Direct Elections Act. Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals and resident non-national European citizens over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.^[2][3]

All seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with no electoral threshold being applied in order to be entitled to enter seat distribution. Seats were allocated to a single multi-member constituency comprising the entire national territory.^[2] The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.^[4]

Outgoing delegation

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 1989–1994

Outgoing delegation in May 1994^[5]

Groups		Parties		MEPs
				Seats	Total
	Party of European Socialists		PSOE	28	28
	European People's Party		PP	16	17
			UDC	1
	Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group		CDS	3	5
			CDC	1
			Foro	1
	Rainbow Group		ERC	1	3
			PA	1
			CG	1
	European Democratic Alliance		ARM	2	2
	Non-Inscrits		IU	3	5
			IC	1
			HB	1

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call. In order to be entitled to run, parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors; this requirement could be lifted and replaced through the signature of at least 50 elected officials—deputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils. Electors and elected officials were disallowed from signing for more than one list of candidates.^[2]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Ref.
						Votes (%)	Seats
	PSOE	List Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)		Fernando Morán	Social democracy	40.22%[a]	27	[6] [7]
	PP	List People's Party (PP) Navarrese People's Union (UPN)		Abel Matutes	Conservatism Christian democracy	21.41%	15	[8]
	Foro–CDS	List Forum (Foro) Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)		Eduard Punset	Centrism Liberalism	7.15%	5	[9]
	IU	List United Left (IU) – Communist Party of Spain (PCE) – Socialist Action Party (PASOC) – Republican Left (IR) – Collectives for the Unity of Workers (CUT) Initiative for Catalonia (IC) – Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC)		Alonso Puerta	Socialism Communism	6.06%	4	[10]
	CiU	List Convergence and Union (CiU) – Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) – Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) Valencian People's Union (UPV) Socialist Party of Majorca (PSM)		Carles Gasòliba	Catalan nationalism Centrism	4.54%[b]	2
	Ruiz-Mateos	List Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)		José María Ruiz-Mateos	Right-wing populism	3.84%	2
	CN	List Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Canarian Coalition (CC) Valencian Union (UV) Aragonese Party (PAR) Galician Coalition (CG) Majorcan Union (UM)		Josu Jon Imaz	Peripheral nationalism Regionalism	2.61%[c]	1	[11]
	PA–PAP	List Andalusian Party (PA) Andalusian Progress Party (PAP)		Diego de los Santos	Andalusian nationalism Social democracy	1.86%	1
	HB	List Popular Unity (HB) – Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) – Patriotic Socialist Committees (ASK)		Karmelo Landa	Basque independence Abertzale left Revolutionary socialism	1.70%	1
	PEP	List Basque Solidarity (EA) Catalan Action (AC) Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement (ENE) Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)		Carlos Garaikoetxea	Left-wing nationalism	1.43%[d]	1	[12]

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout						CN	CA		PEP	Lead
1994 EP election	12 Jun 1994	—	59.1	30.8 22	40.1 28	1.0 0	13.4 9	4.7 3	2.8 2	0.8 0	1.0 0	1.3 0	9.3
Demoscopia/Tele 5[p 1]	12 Jun 1994	?	?	? 21/22	? 26/28	–	? 9/10	? 3	? 2	–	? 0	? 1	?
Vox Pública/Antena 3[p 1]	12 Jun 1994	?	?	? 21	? 27	–	? 10	? 3	? 2	–	? 0	? 1	?
Eco Consulting/RTVE[p 1]	12 Jun 1994	?	?	30.1 21/23	38.1 26/28	0.8 0	14.0 9/11	4.9 3	2.8 1/2	0.8 0	1.1 0/1	1.5 0/1	8.0
ICP–Research/Diario 16[p 1][p 2]	5 Jun 1994	2,000	?	30.3 21/24	32.1 22/25	1.3 0/1	15.1 10/12	4.7 3/4	3.1 1/2	1.0 0/1	1.1 0/1	2.0 1	1.8
Gallup/Avui[p 1]	5 Jun 1994	2,001	?	31.9 22/23	36.3 26	1.0 0	14.6 10	5.6 3/4	3.1 1/2	0.6 0	0.9 0	1.0 0	4.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 1]	4 Jun 1994	3,000	?	30.2 21/22	39.8 27/28	0.7 0	15.0 10	4.7 3	? 1	–	–	? 0/1	9.6
Sigma Dos–Vox Pública/Antena 3[p 3]	3–4 Jun 1994	?	?	30.6	40.2	–	13.7	–	–	–	–	–	9.6
Vox Pública/El Periódico[p 1][p 4]	31 May–2 Jun 1994	1,303	61.8	30.5 22/23	40.7 29	1.3 0/1	15.2 10	4.1 2	2.5 1	–	–	1.1 0/1	10.2
CIS[p 5][p 6]	27 May–2 Jun 1994	4,073	72.7	32.5	37.5	1.0	14.1	5.1	2.8	–	0.9	1.6	5.0
Opina/La Vanguardia[p 7]	30 May–1 Jun 1994	2,000	?	34.0 21/24	39.0 25/27	1.0 0/1	14.0 9/11	5.0 3/4	1.5 1	–	0.5 0	1.0 0/1	5.0
Demoscopia/El País[p 1][p 8][p 9][p 10]	29–31 May 1994	2,500	63–68	31.0 21/23	37.3 26/28	1.3 0	13.5 9/10	5.0 2/3	2.8 1/2	0.9 0	1.0 0	1.9 1	6.3
Gruppo/ABC[p 11]	28–30 May 1994	2,000	59.1	31.1 21/23	39.2 27/28	0.7 0	14.4 10	5.0 3	1.8 1	? 0	–	? 0/1	8.1
CIS[p 1][p 12]	21–26 May 1994	2,501	?	33.2	36.4	–	16.0	5.1	1.7	–	–	–	3.2
CIS[p 1][p 13]	12–16 May 1994	2,499	?	34.3	36.0	–	13.9	3.9	1.2	–	–	–	1.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 14]	14 May 1994	?	?	32.8 23/24	37.6 27	–	13.5 9	4.9 ?	2.3 ?	–	–	–	4.8
Gruppo/ABC[p 15]	7–10 May 1994	2,000	57.1	31.7 22	38.5 26/27	0.8 0	14.0 9/10	4.7 3	2.2 1	? 0/1	–	? 0/1	6.8
Opina/La Vanguardia[p 16]	8–11 Apr 1994	2,000	?	36.0 22/26	38.0 24/27	1.0 0/1	12.0 6/8	5.0 3	1.5 1/2	–	0.5 0	0.5 0	2.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 17]	23–24 Mar 1994	1,000	?	34.4 23/25	37.7 26/28	? 0	11.2 7/8	4.5 3	2.9 2	1.4 1	? 0	–	3.3
Gallup/ABC[p 18]	10 Jan–28 Feb 1994	4,010	68.7	32.4 22	39.1 27	–	10.8 7	5.3 3	1.8[i] 1	–	–	–	6.7
Gallup/ABC[p 19]	19–29 Dec 1993	1,008	70.0	33.8 23	38.6 26	–	10.4 7	5.1 3	1.6[i] 1	–	–	–	4.8
1989 EP election	15 Jun 1989	—	54.7	39.6 27	21.4 15	7.1 5	6.1 4	4.2 2	1.9 1	1.9 1	1.7 1	1.5 1	18.2
Data for Basque Nationalist Party.

Results

Overall

For results by autonomous community/constituency, see Results breakdown of the 1994 European Parliament election in Spain.

← Summary of the 12 June 1994 European Parliament election results in Spain →

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	7,453,900	40.12	+18.71	28	+13
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1	5,719,707	30.79	–9.43	22	–5
	United Left (IU)	2,497,671	13.44	+7.38	9	+5
	Convergence and Union (CiU)2	865,913	4.66	+0.12	3	+1
	Nationalist Coalition (CN)3	518,532	2.79	+0.18	2	+1
	For the Europe of the Peoples (PEP)4	239,339	1.29	–0.14	0	–1
	Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS)	183,418	0.99	–6.16	0	–5
	Popular Unity (HB)	180,324	0.97	–0.73	0	–1
	Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)5	140,445	0.76	–1.10	0	–1
	Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)	139,221	0.75	+0.46	0	±0
	Green Group (GV)	109,567	0.59	New	0	±0
	Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)	82,410	0.44	–3.40	0	–2
	The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (EV–CEC)6	42,237	0.23	–0.07	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	29,692	0.16	–0.34	0	±0
	Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition (CPNT)	29,025	0.16	New	0	±0
	Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR)	16,144	0.09	New	0	±0
	Asturianist Party (PAS)7	14,846	0.08	+0.05	0	±0
	United Extremadura (EU)8	13,580	0.07	±0.00	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	11,733	0.06	–0.09	0	±0
	Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL)	10,019	0.05	New	0	±0
	Natural Law Party (PLN)	7,845	0.04	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	7,499	0.04	–0.08	0	±0
	Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)9	7,349	0.04	–0.07	0	±0
	Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL)	6,197	0.03	New	0	±0
	Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI)	5,602	0.03	New	0	±0
	Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC)	5,226	0.03	New	0	±0
	Justice and Welfare Party (JyB)	4,992	0.03	New	0	±0
	Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx)	4,836	0.03	New	0	±0
	National Democratic Alternative (ADN)	4,689	0.03	New	0	±0
	Carlist Party (PC)	4,640	0.02	–0.03	0	±0
	Galician Alternative (AG)	4,431	0.02	New	0	±0
	GPOR–PST (LVS) Coalition (GPOR–PST)10	3,765	0.02	–0.22	0	±0
	Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
	The Greens of the Region of Murcia (LVRM)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
	Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
	Left of the Peoples (IP)11	n/a	n/a	–0.81	0	–1
Blank ballots		213,621	1.15	–0.12
Total		18,578,415			64	+4
Valid votes		18,578,415	99.54	+0.56
Invalid votes		85,640	0.46	–0.56
Votes cast / turnout		18,664,055	59.14	+4.43
Abstentions		12,894,944	40.86	–4.43
Registered voters		31,558,999
Sources[13][14]
Footnotes: 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and Left of the Peoples in the Basque Country and Navarre in the 1989 election. 2 Convergence and Union results are compared to the combined totals of Convergence and Union and Left of the Peoples in the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community in the 1989 election. 3 Nationalist Coalition (1994) results are compared to the combined totals of Nationalist Coalition (1989)—not including results in Castile and León—and Federation of Regional Parties in the Valencian Community in the 1989 election. 4 For the Europe of the Peoples (1994) results are compared to For the Europe of the Peoples (1989) totals in the 1989 election, not including results in Galicia. 5 Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power results are compared to Andalusian Party totals in the 1989 election. 6 The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia results are compared to Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia totals in the 1989 election. 7 Asturianist Party results are compared to Left of the Peoples totals in Asturias in the 1989 election. 8 United Extremadura results are compared to Federation of Regional Parties totals in Extremadura in the 1989 election. 9 Coalition for a New Socialist Party results are compared to Alliance for the Republic totals in the 1989 election. 10 GPOR–PST (LVS) Coalition results are compared to Workers' Socialist Party–Revolutionary Workers' Party totals in the 1989 election. 11 Left of the Peoples does not include results in Asturias, Basque Country, Balearic Islands, Navarre and Valencian Community.

Popular vote PP   40.12% PSOE   30.79% IU   13.44% CiU   4.66% CN   2.79% PEP   1.29% Others   5.76% Blank ballots   1.15%

Seats PP   43.75% PSOE   34.38% IU   14.06% CiU   4.69% CN   3.13%

Maps

• 
  Winner strength by constituency.
• 
  Winner strength by autonomous community.

Distribution by European group

Summary of political group distribution in the 4th European Parliament (1994–1999)^[5]

Groups		Parties	Seats	Total	%
	European People's Party (EPP)	People's Party (PP) Navarrese People's Union (UPN) Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	27 1 1 1	30	46.88
	Party of European Socialists (PES)	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	22	22	34.38
	European United Left (EUL)	United Left (IU)	9	9	14.06
	European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR)	Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC)	2	2	3.13
	European Radical Alliance (ERA)	Canarian Coalition (CC)	1	1	1.56
Total			64	64	100.00

Elected legislators

The following table lists the elected legislators:^[15]

Elected legislators
#	Name	List
1	Abel Matutes Juan		PP
2	Fernando Morán López		PSOE
3	Celia Villalobos Talero		PP
4	Francisca Sauquillo Pérez del Arco		PSOE
5	Alonso José Puerta Gutiérrez		IU
6	Mercedes de la Merced Monge		PP
7	Enrique Barón Crespo		PSOE
8	José María Gil-Robles Gil-Delgado		PP
9	Miguel Arias Cañete		PP
10	Ludivina García Arias		PSOE
11	Antoni Gutiérrez Díaz		IU
12	María Teresa Estevan Bolea		PP
13	Josep Verde i Aldea		PSOE
14	José Manuel García-Margallo Marfil		PP
15	Ana Clara María Miranda de Lage		PSOE
16	María del Carmen Fraga Estévez		PP
17	Carles-Alfred Gasoliba i Bohm		CiU
18	Laura González Álvarez		IU
19	Luis Campoy Zueco		PP
20	Pedro Aparicio Sánchez		PSOE
21	Ana Isabel Palacio Vallelersundi		PP
22	José María Mendiluce Pereiro		PSOE
23	Carlos Robles Piquer		PP
24	Manuel Medina Ortega		PSOE
25	María Sornosa Martínez		IU
26	Juan Manuel Fabra Vallés		PP
27	Gerardo Fernández Albor		PP
28	María Izquierdo Rojo		PSOE
29	Fernando Fernández Martín		PP
30	Josep Enrique Pons Grau		PSOE
31	Josu Jon Imaz San Miguel		CN
32	María Jesús Aramburu del Río		IU
33	Jaime Valdivielso de Cue		PP
34	Joan Colom i Naval		PSOE
35	Encarnación Redondo Jiménez		PP
36	Juan Luis Colino Salamanca		PSOE
37	Iñigo Méndez de Vigo Montojo		PP
38	Concepcio Ferrer i Casals		CiU
39	Salvador Jove Peres		IU
40	Javier Areitio Toledo		PP
41	Carmen Díez de Rivera Icaza		PSOE
42	Joaquín Sisó Cruellas		PP
43	Juan de Dios Izquierdo Collado		PSOE
44	Laura Elena Esteban Martín		PP
45	Jesús Cabezón Alonso		PSOE
46	Carlos Carnero González		IU
47	Daniel Varela Suances-Carpegna		PP
48	José Gerardo Galeote Quecedo		PP
49	Bárbara Duhrkop Duhrkop		PSOE
50	José Ignacio Salafranca Sánchez-Neyra		PP
51	Antonio González Triviño		PSOE
52	Ángela del Carmen Sierra González		IU
53	José Antonio Escudero López		PP
54	Francisco Javier Sanz Fernández		PSOE
55	Francisca Bennasar Tous		PP
56	Joan María Vallvé i Ribera		CiU
57	José Luis Valverde López		PP
58	Manuela de Frutos Gama		PSOE
59	Pedro Marset Campos		IU
60	Salvador Garriga Polledo		PP
61	Fernando Pérez Royo		PSOE
62	Julio Añoveros Trias de Bes		PP
63	Ana Terrón i Cusi		PSOE
64	Isidoro Sánchez García		CN

Notes

1. Results for PSOE (39.57%, 27 seats) and IP in the Basque Country and Navarre (0.65%, 0 seats) in the 1989 election.
2. Results for CiU (4.20%, 2 seats) and IP in the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community (0.34%, 0 seats) in the 1989 election.
3. Results for CN, not including Castile and León (1.88%, 1 seat) and FPR in the Valencian Community (0.74%, 0 seats) in the 1989 election.
4. Results for PEP in the 1989 election, not including Galicia.