1992 Philippine general election

Presidential and vice presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1992. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councillors in the first general election under the 1987 Constitution. Even though she was permitted by the Constitution to run for a second term, President Corazon Aquino did not stand for re-election.

1992 Philippine general election

← 1987 May 11, 1992 1995 →
Registered	32,141,079
Turnout	24,254,954
1992 Philippine presidential election
← 1986 May 11, 1992 1998 →
Turnout	75.5% 3.3%
Nominee Fidel V. Ramos Miriam Defensor-Santiago Danding Cojuangco Party Lakas PRP NPC Running mate Lito Osmeña Ramon Magsaysay Jr. Joseph Estrada Popular vote 5,342,521 4,468,173 4,116,376 Percentage 23.58% 19.72% 18.17%
President before election Corazon Aquino PDP–Laban Elected President Fidel V. Ramos Lakas
1992 Philippine vice presidential election
← 1986 May 11, 1992 1998 →
Candidate Joseph Estrada Marcelo Fernan Lito Osmeña Party NPC LDP Lakas Popular vote 6,739,738 4,438,494 3,362,467 Percentage 33.01% 21.74% 16.47%
Vice President before election Salvador Laurel Nacionalista Elected Vice President Joseph Estrada NPC
1992 Philippine Senate election
← 1987 May 11, 1992 1995 →
All 24 seats in the Senate 13 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader Neptali Gonzales Ernesto Maceda Leticia Ramos-Shahani Party LDP NPC Lakas Leader's seat Nationwide at-large Nationwide at-large Nationwide at-large Seats before 10 3 2 Seats after 16 5 2 Seat change 6 2 Popular vote 124,399,291 48,956,459 48,658,631 Percentage 45.0 17.7 17.6
Senate President before election Neptali Gonzales LDP Elected Senate President Neptali Gonzales LDP
1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections
← 1987 May 11, 1992 1995 →
200 (of the 216) seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines 109 seats needed for a majority
Party Vote % Seats +/– LDP 33.73 86 +86 Lakas 21.20 41 +41 NPC 18.66 30 +30 LP–PDP 8.82 11 +11 Nacionalista 3.92 7 +3 KBL 2.35 3 −8 Coalitions/others 6.28 16 −39 Independent 5.04 6 −17 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Speaker before Speaker after Ramon Mitra Jr. LDP Jose de Venecia Jr. Lakas

Retired general Fidel Ramos of Lakas-NUCD won a six-year term as president of the Philippines by a small margin, narrowly defeating populist candidate Miriam Defensor Santiago of the People's Reform Party. Ramos also got the lowest plurality in Philippine electoral history. Santiago led the canvassing of votes for the first five days, but was overtaken by Ramos afterwards. Santiago accused Ramos of fraud and filed an electoral protest citing power outages as evidence, but her protest was eventually dismissed.

The 1992 election was the second time both the president and vice-president came from different parties. Film actor and senator Joseph Estrada won a six-year term as Ramos' vice-president by a landslide victory.

Under the transitory provisions of the Constitution, 24 senators were elected in the polls. The first twelve senators who garnered the highest votes would have a six-year term while the next twelve senators would have a three-year term. Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) got a large share in the Senate race. Television personality and Quezon City Vice-Mayor Vicente Sotto III got the highest number of votes.

Candidates

Major political parties

• Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL)
• Lakas ng Tao—National Union of Christian Democrats (Lakas–NUCD)
• Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP)
• Liberal Party—Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan (LP—PDP–Laban; Koalisyong Pambansa)
• Nacionalista Party (NP)
• Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC)
• People's Reform Party (PRP)

Results

President

Main article: 1992 Philippine presidential election

Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Fidel V. Ramos	Lakas–NUCD	5,342,521	23.58
	Miriam Defensor Santiago	People's Reform Party	4,468,173	19.72
	Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.	Nationalist People's Coalition	4,116,376	18.17
	Ramon Mitra Jr.	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	3,316,661	14.64
	Imelda Marcos	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	2,338,294	10.32
	Jovito Salonga	Liberal Party	2,302,124	10.16
	Salvador Laurel	Nacionalista Party	770,046	3.40
Total			22,654,195	100.00
Valid votes			22,654,195	93.40
Invalid/blank votes			1,600,759	6.60
Total votes			24,254,954	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			32,141,079	75.46
Source: Nohlen, Grotz, Hartmann, Hasall and Santos[1]

Vice president

Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Joseph Estrada	Nationalist People's Coalition	6,739,738	33.01
	Marcelo Fernan	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	4,438,494	21.74
	Lito Osmeña	Lakas–NUCD	3,362,467	16.47
	Ramon Magsaysay Jr.	People's Reform Party	2,900,556	14.20
	Aquilino Pimentel Jr.[a]	PDP–Laban	2,023,289	9.91
	Vicente Magsaysay	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	699,895	3.43
	Eva Estrada Kalaw	Nacionalista Party	255,730	1.25
Total			20,420,169	100.00
Valid votes			20,420,169	84.19
Invalid/blank votes			3,834,785	15.81
Total votes			24,254,954	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			32,141,079	75.46
Source: Nohlen, Grotz, Hartmann, Hasall and Santos[2]

1. Running mate of Jovito Salonga (Liberal Party)

Senate

Main article: 1992 Philippine Senate election

The top 12 elected candidates served from June 30, 1992, until June 30, 1998, while the following 12 elected candidates were to serve from June 30, 1992, until June 30, 1995. A total of 165 candidates ran for senator.

Representation of results
  LDP
  NPC
  Lakas-NUCD
  Liberal Party

Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Tito Sotto	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	11,792,121	48.62
	Ramon Revilla Sr.	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	8,321,278	34.31
	Edgardo Angara	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	8,019,011	33.06
	Ernesto Herrera	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	7,219,170	29.76
	Alberto Romulo	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	6,824,256	28.14
	Ernesto Maceda	Nationalist People's Coalition	6,820,717	28.12
	Orly Mercado	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	6,691,132	27.59
	Neptali Gonzales	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	6,578,582	27.12
	Leticia Ramos-Shahani	Lakas–NUCD	6,578,582	27.12
	Heherson Alvarez	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	6,360,898	26.23
	Blas Ople	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	6,024,930	24.84
	Freddie Webb	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	5,929,426	24.45
	Gloria Macapagal Arroyo	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	5,858,950	24.16
	Teofisto Guingona Jr.	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	5,830,044	24.04
	Santanina Rasul	Lakas–NUCD	5,546,803	22.87
	Joey Lina	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	5,064,291	20.88
	Nikki Coseteng	Nationalist People's Coalition	5,008,981	20.65
	Arturo Tolentino	Nationalist People's Coalition	4,929,625	20.32
	Raul Roco	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	4,884,455	20.14
	Rodolfo Biazon	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	4,863,752	20.05
	Wigberto Tañada	Koalisyong Pambansa	4,492,718	18.52
	Francisco Tatad	Nationalist People's Coalition	4,487,896	18.50
	John Henry Osmeña	Nationalist People's Coalition	4,408,145	18.17
	Butz Aquino	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	3,964,966	16.35
	Alfredo Bengzon	Lakas–NUCD	3,964,000	16.34
	Carlos Padilla	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	3,828,679	15.79
	Alexander Aguirre	Nationalist People's Coalition	3,755,837	15.48
	Mamintal Tamano	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	3,642,828	15.02
	Jose Concepcion Jr.	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	3,598,935	14.84
	Silvestre Bello III	Lakas–NUCD	3,559,202	14.67
	Francisco Sumulong	Lakas–NUCD	3,167,838	13.06
	Estelito Mendoza	Nationalist People's Coalition	3,122,467	12.87
	Victor Ziga	Koalisyong Pambansa	3,151,251	12.99
	Sotero Laurel	Nacionalista Party	3,002,874	12.38
	Francisco Chavez	Lakas–NUCD	2,948,912	12.16
	Ruben Torres	Lakas–NUCD	2,737,112	11.28
	Rafael Recto	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	2,726,189	11.24
	Florencio Abad	Koalisyong Pambansa	2,494,643	10.29
	Narciso Monfort	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	2,483,459	10.24
	Augusto Pangan	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	2,408,185	9.93
	Eduardo Pilapil	Lakas–NUCD	2,065,900	8.52
	Ramon Jacinto	Lakas–NUCD	1,873,910	7.73
	Eddie Ilarde	Nacionalista Party	1,800,077	7.42
	Arsenio Yulo Jr.	Lakas–NUCD	1,774,931	7.32
	Gerardo Espina Sr.	Nationalist People's Coalition	1,755,120	7.24
	Nemesio Prudente	Koalisyong Pambansa	1,747,569	7.20
	Guillermo Carague	Lakas–NUCD	1,743,896	7.19
	Wencelito Andanar	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	1,711,611	7.06
	Buddy Gomez	Lakas–NUCD	1,696,311	6.99
	Adolfo Azcuna	Lakas–NUCD	1,640,220	6.76
	Jose Tamayo	Nationalist People's Coalition	1,634,268	6.74
	Ramon Villarama Jr.	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	1,629,846	6.72
	Homobono Adaza	Nacionalista Party	1,551,366	6.40
	Vincent Crisologo	Nacionalista Party	1,551,068	6.39
	Manuel Morato	Lakas–NUCD	1,516,715	6.25
	Rodrigo Gutang	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	1,508,552	6.22
	Ruben Ancheta	Nationalist People's Coalition	1,506,700	6.21
	Vivian Hultman	Nationalist People's Coalition	1,459,535	6.02
	Leonor Luciano	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	1,445,179	5.96
	Aurelio Periquet	Lakas–NUCD	1,243,438	5.13
	Vicente Rivera Jr.	Nationalist People's Coalition	1,177,056	4.85
	Ramon Orosa	Nacionalista Party	1,164,990	4.80
	Gerry Geronimo	Nationalist People's Coalition	1,154,934	4.76
	Sanchez Ali	Lakas–NUCD	1,073,750	4.43
	Lorna Verano-Yap	Koalisyong Pambansa	1,050,304	4.33
	Felix Brawner Jr.	Nationalist People's Coalition	1,036,963	4.28
	Zosimo Paredes	Nationalist People's Coalition	1,029,813	4.25
	Leonardo Quisumbing	Lakas–NUCD	1,021,627	4.21
	Rod Navarro	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	966,823	3.99
	Elsa Payumo	Nationalist People's Coalition	936,926	3.86
	Fortunato Abat	People's Reform Party	928,417	3.83
	Antonio Leviste	People's Reform Party	919,229	3.79
	Katrina Legarda	Nationalist People's Coalition	914,763	3.77
	Julio Cesar Climaco	Nationalist People's Coalition	882,680	3.64
	Rufus Rodriguez	Nationalist People's Coalition	812,144	3.35
	Macapanton Abbas	Koalisyong Pambansa	806,434	3.32
	Wilson Gamboa Sr.	Nacionalista Party	803,995	3.31
	Blo Umpar Adiong	Nationalist People's Coalition	762,688	3.14
	Johnny Wilson	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	753,627	3.11
	Jose Malvar Romero Jr.	Lakas–NUCD	739,919	3.05
	Marietta Corazon Primicias-Goco	Lakas–NUCD	737,676	3.04
	Reynaldo San Juan	Koalisyong Pambansa	729,610	3.01
	Ramon Garcia	Koalisyong Pambansa	717,341	2.96
	Israel Bocobo	Lakas–NUCD	707,568	2.92
	Rogelio Arienda	Nacionalista Party	704,450	2.90
	Jose Villegas Jr.	Lakas–NUCD	688,718	2.84
	Jesus Antonio M. Carpio Sr.	Koalisyong Pambansa	668,746	2.76
	James Barbers	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	664,019	2.74
	Manuel Barcelona Jr.	Nationalist People's Coalition	618,539	2.55
	Jaime Cura	Lakas–NUCD	612,363	2.52
	Conrado Manicad	Lakas–NUCD	606,577	2.50
	Fernando Barrican	Nationalist People's Coalition	602,169	2.48
	Mario Leviste	Nationalist People's Coalition	556,375	2.29
	Jose Lopez	Lakas–NUCD	543,186	2.24
	Alejandro Fider	Nationalist People's Coalition	507,580	2.09
	Jonathan Rivera	People's Reform Party	502,858	2.07
	Miguel Acebedo	Koalisyong Pambansa	477,778	1.97
	Elfren Cruz	Koalisyong Pambansa	461,371	1.90
	Esteban Osmeña	Nacionalista Party	447,196	1.84
	Vicente Piccio Jr.	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	439,995	1.81
	Marcelino Arias	Nacionalista Party	428,716	1.77
	Mariano Reyes	People's Reform Party	414,577	1.71
	Doroteo Salazar	Nacionalista Party	414,061	1.71
	Arturo Padua	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	413,123	1.70
	Cristino Abasolo Jr.	People's Reform Party	409,905	1.69
	Oliver Lozano	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	407,538	1.68
	Abdullah Madale	People's Reform Party	391,723	1.62
	Jose Cordova	People's Reform Party	379,383	1.56
	Nora Daza	Nacionalista Party	379,157	1.56
	Josephus Ramas	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	378,451	1.56
	Dante de Guzman	People's Reform Party	376,327	1.55
	Mariano Santiago	Nacionalista Party	373,161	1.54
	Carlos Cajelo	People's Reform Party	370,901	1.53
	Alfredo Lamen	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	349,796	1.44
	Camilo Diel Jr.	Koalisyong Pambansa	345,728	1.43
	Edgardo Abenina	Nacionalista Party	342,908	1.41
	Melchor Ines	People's Reform Party	337,449	1.39
	Ramon Tagle	Koalisyong Pambansa	326,153	1.34
	Albert Umali	People's Reform Party	319,842	1.32
	Florangel Braid	Koalisyong Pambansa	310,953	1.28
	Simeon Alejandro	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	308,618	1.27
	Rommel Corro	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	307,832	1.27
	Antonio Policarpio	People's Reform Party	299,538	1.23
	Renato Ecarma	People's Reform Party	291,236	1.20
	Salvador Panelo	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	289,416	1.19
	Jaime Echevarria	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	287,342	1.18
	Pacifico Lopez de Leon	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	283,236	1.17
	Ponciano Subido	Koalisyong Pambansa	270,608	1.12
	Jaime Muyargas	People's Reform Party	258,711	1.07
	Jesus Martinez	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	257,276	1.06
	Abdul Sarip Macmod	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	250,548	1.03
	Roger Panotes	Nacionalista Party	242,543	1.00
	Raul Contreras	Koalisyong Pambansa	224,004	0.92
	Efren Sumajit	People's Reform Party	215,563	0.89
	Oscar Morado	Koalisyong Pambansa	203,859	0.84
	Leonora Petines	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	199,718	0.82
	Miguel Lopez Jr.	Independent	199,593	0.82
	Madrino Muñoz	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	199,359	0.82
	Gerardo del Mundo	Koalisyong Pambansa	197,249	0.81
	Crisostomo Vitug	Nacionalista Party	193,222	0.80
	Wilfredo Rafols	Koalisyong Pambansa	186,004	0.77
	Elpidio Valera	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	185,845	0.77
	Amado Gat Inciong	Nacionalista Party	183,446	0.76
	Hjalmar Quintana	Nacionalista Party	165,212	0.68
	Luis Garchitorena	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	158,500	0.65
	Jovencio Kintanar	Partido ng Masang Pilipino	158,200	0.65
	Ramon Maronilla	Nacionalista Party	156,138	0.64
	Bonifacio Tupaz	Nacionalista Party	154,939	0.64
	Jose Tumbokon	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	151,748	0.63
	Benjamin Nuega	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	144,064	0.59
	Norberto Romualdez III	Nacionalista Party	141,741	0.58
	Genaro Mabasa	Koalisyong Pambansa	133,677	0.55
	Alfredo de Gracia	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	116,981	0.48
	Gonzalo Villa	Nacionalista Party	111,753	0.46
	Juanito Arribas	Independent	105,671	0.44
	Horacio Marasigan	Nacionalista Party	105,172	0.43
	Alfredo Zerrudo	Koalisyong Pambansa	96,614	0.40
	Dominico Casas	People's Reform Party	90,804	0.37
	Antonio Fa. Muyot	Nacionalista Party	61,339	0.25
	Conrado Leonardo	Partido ng Masang Pilipino	48,337	0.20
	Rolando Quintos	Partido ng Masang Pilipino	38,581	0.16
	Ruperto Martin	Koalisyong Pambansa	11,784	0.05
	Datu Ray Ibrahim Uy	Nacionalista Party	6,278	0.03
	Melchor Chavez[a]	Koalisyong Pambansa	0	0.00
	Ceferino Padua[b]	Koalisyong Pambansa	0	0.00
Total			276,042,700	100.00
Total votes			24,254,954	–
Registered voters/turnout			32,141,079	75.46

1. Disqualified but remained on the ballot
2. Withdrew but remained on the ballot

House of Representatives

Main article: 1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections

Party		Votes	%	+/–	Seats	+/–
	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	6,286,922	33.73	New	86	New
	Lakas–NUCD	3,951,144	21.20	New	41	New
	Nationalist People's Coalition	3,478,780	18.66	New	30	New
	Koalisyong Pambansa	1,644,568	8.82	New	11	New
	Nacionalista Party	730,696	3.92	−3.27	7	+3
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	438,577	2.35	−1.75	3	−8
	Coalitions	679,411	3.64	New	14	New
	Others	491,970	2.64	New	2	New
	Independent	938,558	5.04	−8.21	6	−17
Appointed seats					16	0
Total		18,640,626	100.00	–	216	+2
Source: Nohlen, Grotz and Hartmann[3] and Teehankee[4]

Local elections

Local elections for all positions above the barangay level, but below the regional level, were held on this day.

Local plebiscites

Main article: 1992 Philippine provincial creation plebiscites

Plebiscites to ratify the provincehood of Biliran and Guimaras were also done on this day. Both proposals were carried.

See also

• Commission on Elections
• Politics of the Philippines
• Philippine elections
• President of the Philippines
• 9th Congress of the Philippines

References

1. Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos.
   Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific.
2. Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos.
   Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific.
3. Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (eds.). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook. Vol. 2: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
4. Teehankee, Julio (2002). "Electoral Politics in the Philippines" (PDF). In Croissant, Aurel (ed.). Electoral Politics in Southeast and East Asia. Singapore: Fiedrich-Ebert-Siftung. pp. 149–202 – via quezon.ph.

External links

• Official website of the Commission on Elections

Further reading

• Fontaine, Roger W. (1992). "The Philippines: After Aquino". Asian Affairs: An American Review. 19 (3): 170–190. doi:10.1080/00927678.1992.9936959.