1986 Canadian federal budget

The Canadian federal budget for fiscal year 1986–87 was presented by Minister of Finance Michael Wilson in the House of Commons of Canada on 26 February 1986.^[2]

1986 (1986) Budget of the Canadian Federal Government

Presented	26 February 1986
Parliament	33rd
Party	Progressive Conservative
Finance minister	Michael Wilson
Total revenue	86.746 billion [1]
Total expenditures	116.588 billion [1]
Deficit	$29.842 billion[1]
‹ 1985 1987›

Background

Taxes

Tax increases

The budget imposed a series of new taxes to increase government revenues:^[3]

• A 3% surtax on all individuals starting on 1 July 1986 ;
  • The surtax instituted by the previous budget is continued until its scheduled end. The two surtaxes are in effect simultaneously from 1 July to 31 December 1986.^[a][4]
• A 3% surtax on all corporations starting on 1 January 1987 ;
  • The previous 5% on large corporation is set to expire on 31 December 1986, as originally planned;^[5]
• A 1% increase in the federal sales tax rate effective 1 April 1986;
• Increases in excise taxes and duties on alcohol (4% increase) and tobacco (6% increase) with immediate effect.

Tax incentives

The budget announced two improvements to social assistance tax incentives:

• The creation of the refundable federal sales tax credit, a new refundable tax credit of up to $50 per person per year;^[6]
• A prepayment system is instituted for the child tax credit : advance payments are to be maid in November 1986 to claimants with low-income. Revenue Canada will used past tax returns to automatically assess eligibility.^[6]

Corporate tax reform

The budget announced a reform of the corporate tax system: several tax incentives are abolished and a schedule of corporate tax rate decrease is announced.^[7][8]

Date	Corporate tax rate
	Base rate	M&P[b]	Small business[c]
As of budget date	36 %	30 %	15 %
1 July 1987	35 %	28 %	14 %
1 July 1988	34 %	27 %	13 %
1 July 1989	33 %	26 %

Expenditures

The budget announced the government would ask members of the House of Commons and Senate to take a $1,000 pay cut in 1986, matching an identical cut to the salary of the Prime Minister and all cabinet ministers. The salaries of deputy ministers and political staff was also to be frozen in 1986, with other executives public servant to receive pay increases not exceeding 2%.^[9]

Cuts of $500 million in non-statutory spending for 1986–87 was also announced, with details to be released after the budget. Official Development Assistance (i.e. international aid) was to be cut by $83 millions and $203 millions (in 1986–87 and 1987–88 respectively) despite the government's pledge to bring the ODA budget to 0.6% of GNP by 1990.^[10]

Privatization

The budget announced the privatization efforts were to continue with multiple state-owned corporations to be sold to the private sector.^[d]

Reactions

Media

Most newspapers focused on the tax increases announced in the budget (notably the surtax and the excise tax increases) with the following front page headlines:

Income, alcohol, cigaret taxes up in Wilson's deficit-cutting budget^[12]

— The Globe and Mail

OUCH: Wilson puts $1.5-billion bite on taxpayers to cut deficit^[13]

— The Ottawa Citizen

Income tax, levies on booze, tobacco rise to fight deficit^[14]

— The Gazette (Montreal)

Hausse d'impôts de $1,5 milliard^[15]

$1.5 billion tax hikes

— La Presse

The Globe and Mail editorial received the budget favorably, pointing at several welcome initiatives (corporate and sales taxes reform, tightening of tax incentives) and overall commitment to fiscal responsibility.^[16] Frédéric Wagnière in La Presse was more nuanced, pointing that the mix between tax increases and budget cuts seemed to focus more on the former, with a risk of hindering the economic recovery.^[17]

Aftermath

Execution

Budgetary items in billions of dollars

Element	1985-1986	1986-1987
	Actual[18]	Budget[19][20]	Actual[18]
Tax revenues	71.61	87.30	79.87
Non-tax revenues	5.22		5.91
Program expenditures	(85.79)	(89.37)	(89.73)
Public debt charge	(25.44)	(27.38)	(26.66)
Deficit	(34.40)	(29.50)	(30.61)
Non-budgetary transactions	4.13	6.90	9.04
Financial requirements	(30.27)	(22.6)	(21.57)

Notes and references

Notes

1. The general surtax is applied at a rate of 1.5% on income earned during the whole of 1986.
2. Manufacturing and processing income.
3. Applies of a maximum of $200,000 income eligible for the small business deduction.
4. The budget lists notably : Canadian Arsenals, Northern Canada Power Commission, remaining assets of the Canada Development Investment Corporation, Teleglobe, Canadair and Eldorado Nuclear.^[11]

References

1. "Canada's deficits and surpluses, 1963-2014". CBC News. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
2. "Ottawa Citizen". news.google.com. 27 February 1986. Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
3. Budget Speech, p. 15-16.
4. S.C. 1986, ch. 55, s 66.
5. Notice of Ways and Means, clauses 44-45.
6. Budget Papers, pp. 19–20.
7. Notice of Ways and Means, clauses 46-47.
8. Budget Papers, p. 28.
9. Budget Speech, p. 7.
10. Budget Speech, p. 9.
11. Budget Speech, p. 8
12. Waddell, Christopher (27 February 1986). "Income, alcohol, cigaret taxes up in Wilson's deficit-cutting budget". The Globe and Mail. Ottawa. p. A1.
13. "OUCH: Wilson puts $1.5-billion bite on taxpayers to cut deficit". The Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa. 27 February 1986. p. A1.
14. Wills, Terrance (27 February 1986). "Income tax, levies on booze, tobacco rise to fight deficit". The Gazette. Montreal. p. A1.
15. Jannard, Maurice (27 February 1986). "Hausse d'impôts de $1,5 milliard". La Presse (in French). Montréal. p. A1. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
16. "The budget's teeth". The Globe and Mail. Ottawa. 27 February 1986. p. A6.
17. 1 Wagnière, Frédéric (27 February 1986). "Un budget trop austère". La Presse (in French). Montréal. p. A2. Retrieved 22 October 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
18. Receiver General of Canada (1 October 1987). Public accounts of Canada. Vol. I : Summary Report and Financial Statements. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada. ISBN 0-660-12525-0. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
19. Budget Speech, p. 24.
20. Budget Papers, p. 8.

Budget documents

• The Budget Speech (PDF). Ottawa. 26 February 1986. Retrieved 21 October 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Budget Papers (PDF). Ottawa. 26 February 1986. Retrieved 21 October 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Draft and enacted legislation

• Technical Notes to a Notice of Ways and Means Motion Relating to Income Tax (PDF). Ottawa: Department of Finance. October 1986. p. 103. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
• An Act to amend the Income Tax Act and a related Act, S.C. 1986, c. 55