1976 West German federal election

Federal elections were held in West Germany on 3 October 1976 to elect the members of the 8th Bundestag. Although the CDU/CSU alliance became the largest faction in parliament, Helmut Schmidt of the Social Democratic Party remained Chancellor.

1976 West German federal election

← 1972 3 October 1976 (1976-10-03) 1980 →
← outgoing members elected members →
All 496 seats in the Bundestag[lower-alpha 1] 249 seats needed for a majority
Registered	42,058,015 ( 1.5%)
Turnout	90.7% ( 0.4pp)
First party Second party Third party   Candidate Helmut Kohl Helmut Schmidt Hans-Dietrich Genscher Party CDU/CSU SPD FDP Last election 44.9%, 225 seats 45.8%, 230 seats 8.4%, 41 seats Seats won 243[lower-alpha 2] 214[lower-alpha 3] 39[lower-alpha 4] Seat change 18 16 2 Popular vote 18,394,801 16,099,019 2,995,085 Percentage 48.6% 42.6% 7.9% Swing 3.7pp 3.2pp 0.5pp
Results by constituency for the first votes. Grey denotes seats won by the CDU/CSU; red denotes seats won by the SPD.
Government before election First Schmidt cabinet SPD–FDP Government after election Second Schmidt cabinet SPD–FDP

Campaign

The coalition of the SPD and the FDP wanted to be re-elected, with the SPD, since 1974 led by Helmut Schmidt, the party's candidate for Chancellor. The CDU and the CSU tried to achieve an absolute majority of the votes to make CDU chairman Helmut Kohl Chancellor, but they fell six seats short of their target.

Opinion polls

Polling firm	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Union	SPD	FDP	Others	Abstention	Lead
1976 federal election	3 Oct 1976	–	48.6	42.6	7.9	0.9	9.3	6.1
Emnid for SPIEGEL	Sep 1976	N/A	49	41	8	2	—	8
Emnid for SPIEGEL	Aug 1976	N/A	48	43	7	2	—	5
Emnid for SPIEGEL	Jul 1976	N/A	47	44	8	1	—	3
Emnid for SPIEGEL	Jun 1976	N/A	51	41	8	0	—	10
Allensbach	Nov/Dec 1975	N/A	50.7	39.7	8.6	1.0	—	10.0
Infratest	Nov/Dec 1975	N/A	47	40	11	2	—	7
Emnid	Nov/Dec 1975	N/A	45	43	10	2	—	2
1972 federal election	19 Nov 1972	–	44.9	45.8	8.4	0.6	8.9	0.9

Results

Party		Party-list			Constituency			Seats
		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Elected	West Berlin	Total	+/–
	Social Democratic Party	16,099,019	42.56	100	16,471,321	43.70	114	214	10	224	–18
	Christian Democratic Union	14,367,302	37.99	96	14,423,157	38.26	94	190	11	201	+15
	Christian Social Union	4,027,499	10.65	13	4,008,514	10.63	40	53	0	53	+5
	Free Democratic Party	2,995,085	7.92	39	2,417,683	6.41	0	39	1	40	–2
	National Democratic Party	122,661	0.32	0	136,028	0.36	0	0	0	0	0
	German Communist Party	118,581	0.31	0	170,855	0.45	0	0	0	0	0
	Communist Party of Germany	22,714	0.06	0	8,822	0.02	0	0	0	0	New
	Action Community of Independent Germans	22,202	0.06	0	19,490	0.05	0	0	0	0	New
	Communist League of West Germany	20,018	0.05	0	21,414	0.06	0	0	0	0	New
	European Workers' Party	6,811	0.02	0	3,177	0.01	0	0	0	0	New
	Christian Bavarian People's Party	6,720	0.02	0	4,876	0.01	0	0	0	0	New
	International Marxist Group	4,759	0.01	0	2,037	0.01	0	0	0	0	New
	Action Community Fourth Party	4,723	0.01	0	2,636	0.01	0	0	0	0	New
	5%-Block	2,940	0.01	0	985	0.00	0	0	0	0	New
	Independent Workers' Party	765	0.00	0	499	0.00	0	0	0	0	New
	United Left	701	0.00	0	217	0.00	0	0	0	0	New
	Right and Freedom Party				227	0.00	0	0	0	0	New
	Independents and voter groups				3,706	0.01	0	0	0	0	0
Total		37,822,500	100.00	248	37,695,644	100.00	248	496	22	518	0
Valid votes		37,822,500	99.10		37,695,644	98.77
Invalid/blank votes		343,253	0.90		470,109	1.23
Total votes		38,165,753	100.00		38,165,753	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		42,058,015	90.75		42,058,015	90.75
Source: Bundeswahlleiter

Results by state

Constituency seats

State	Total seats	Seats won
		SPD	CDU	CSU
Baden-Württemberg	36	4	32
Bavaria	44	4		40
Bremen	3	3
Hamburg	8	8
Hesse	22	17	5
Lower Saxony	30	18	12
North Rhine-Westphalia	73	45	28
Rhineland-Palatinate	16	6	10
Saarland	5	3	2
Schleswig-Holstein	11	6	5
Total	248	114	94	40

List seats

State	Total seats	Seats won
		SPD	CDU	FDP	CSU
Baden-Württemberg	35	22	6	7
Bavaria	44	25		6	13
Bremen	2		2
Hamburg	6		5	1
Hesse	25	5	16	4
Lower Saxony	32	11	16	5
North Rhine-Westphalia	75	25	38	12
Rhineland-Palatinate	15	7	6	2
Saarland	3	1	2
Schleswig-Holstein	11	4	5	2
Total	248	100	96	39	13

Aftermath

The coalition between the SPD and the FDP remained in government, with Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor. Between the "sister parties" of CDU and Bavarian CSU there emerged a critical conflict, as the CSU leader Franz Josef Strauß wanted to break both the united Bundestag group of the parties and the agreement not to compete against each other in any Land. Later, this attack was withdrawn, while Strauß became candidate for chancellor for the 1980 elections.

Notes

1. As well as the 22 non-voting delegates representing West Berlin, elected by the West Berlin Legislature.
2. As well as 11 non-voting delegates for West Berlin.
3. As well as 10 non-voting delegates for West Berlin.
4. As well as 1 non-voting delegate for West Berlin.

References

External links

• The Federal Returning Officer
• Psephos