Events from the year 1956 in art.
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- March 1 – Replica statue of the Discus Thrower dedicated in Washington, D.C., as a gift from the Italian government to commemorate the return of looted art objects after World War II.[1]
- March – 56 Group founded, to promote modernist art in Wales. Subsequently renamed 56 Group Wales.
- September 17 – Release in the United States of the biographical film Lust for Life with Kirk Douglas portraying Vincent van Gogh and Anthony Quinn as Paul Gauguin.
- Le mystère Picasso, a French documentary film, shows Pablo Picasso in the act of creating paintings for the camera (which he subsequently destroys so that they will exist only on film).
- William Klein publishes his photo essay New York, 1954–55.
- Shanghai Art Museum, the predecessor of the China Art Museum, opens.
- English curator Jim Ede settles at Kettle's Yard, Cambridge, England.
- English painter Edward Seago joins a tour of the Antarctic.
- Two attacks are made on Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa in the Louvre, Paris.[2][3]
- January 13 – Lyonel Feininger, German American painter and cartoonist (b. 1871)
- April 23 – Cecile Walton, Scottish painter, illustrator and sculptor (b. 1891)
- May 3 – Peter Watson, English arts benefactor (murdered) (b. 1908)
- June 8 – Marie Laurencin, French painter and engraver (b. 1883)
- June 11 - Frank Brangwyn, Welsh painter (b. 1867)
- July 26 – Louis Raemaekers, Dutch painter and cartoonist (b. 1869)
- August 7 – LeMoine FitzGerald, Canadian painter (b. 1890)
- August 11 – Jackson Pollock, American painter (b. 1912)[8]
- August 16 – Theodor Pallady, Romanian painter (b. 1871)
- November 3 – Jean Metzinger, French painter (b. 1883)
- December 16 – Nina Hamnett, British painter, model and designer (b. 1890)
- Mohamed Nagy, Egyptian painter (b. 1888)
Varnedoe, Kirk and Karmel, Pepe, Jackson Pollock: Essays, Chronology, and Bibliography, Exhibition catalog, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, Chronology, p. 328, 1998, ISBN 0-87070-069-3