1951–52 Indian general election in Madras State

The 1951–52 Indian general election was the first democratic national election held in India after Independence, and the polls in Madras state were held for 62 constituencies with 75 seats. This State had the second largest number of seats, after Uttar Pradesh. The result was a victory for Indian National Congress winning 35 out of the 75 seats. While the remaining seats were won by left and independent parties, opposed to Congress. However, Congress stalwarts such as N. G. Ranga, Durgabai Deshmukh, and Mosalikanti Thirumala Rao lost in that election from the Telugu-speaking areas then referred as Andhra. Congress lost in 22 out of the 28 seats (from 23 constituencies) in majority Telugu-speaking areas (i.e. Andhra region). Reason for the poor performance in Andhra region was attributed to the party's delay in the formation of a separate State for Telugu people. It eventually led to the formation of the Andhra State in 1953 and later the linguistic reorganization of Indian states in 1956 where Kannada and Malayalam majority speaking areas were merged with Mysore and Kerala States respectively.

Indian general election in Madras, 1951

November 1951 1957 (Madras) → 1957 (AP) → 1957 (Kerala) → 1957 (Mysore) →
75 (of 489) seats in the Lok Sabha
Registered	26,980,961
Turnout	15,198,376 (56.33%)
First party Second party   Leader Jawaharlal Nehru Shripat Amrit Dange Party INC CPI Leader's seat Did not contest Did not contest Seats won 35 8 Popular vote 7,253,452 1,783,407 Percentage 36.39% 8.95%
Madras state

Voting and results

Results by Alliance

INC	SEATS	CPI	SEATS	OTHERS	SEATS
INC	35	CPI	8	IND	15
				KMPP	5
				Others	12
TOTAL (1951)	35	TOTAL (1951)	8	TOTAL (1951)	75

• Independent parties are local state parties, that are unrecognised nationally

Results by Parties

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Indian National Congress	7,253,452	36.39	35
	Communist Party of India	1,783,407	8.95	8
	Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party	1,952,197	9.79	6
	Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party	889,292	4.46	4
	Commonweal Party	325,398	1.63	3
	Socialist Party	1,055,423	5.29	2
	Forward Bloc (Marxist Group)	332,196	1.67	1
	Indian Union Muslim League	79,470	0.40	1
	Independents	4,614,210	23.15	15
	Others (7parties)	1,649,116	8.27	0
Total		19,934,161	100.00	75
Valid votes		15,063,841	99.11
Invalid/blank votes		134,535	0.89
Total votes		15,198,376	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		26,980,961	56.33

Results by Linguistic areas

Results by Tamil-majority constituencies

These were 31 constituencies with 38 seats, namely Madras, Thiruvallur (2 seats), Chengalpattu, Kancheepuram, Vellore (2 seats), Vandavasi, Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Salem, Erode (2 seats), Tiruchengode, Tiruppur, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Pudukkottai, Perambalur, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Kumbakonam, Mayuram (2 seats), Cuddalore (2 seats), Tindivanam (2 seats), Tirunelveli, Srivaikuntam, Sankaranainarkoil, Aruppukottai, Ramanathapuram, Srivilliputhur, Madurai (2 seats), Periyakulam and Dindigul. Madras constituency had significant Telugu population.

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Indian National Congress	4,119,799	41.97	26
	Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party	872,418	8.89	4
	Commonweal Party	302,889	3.09	2
	Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party	455,499	4.64	1
	Communist Party of India	487,555	4.97	1
	Foward Block (Marxist Group)	235,938	2.40	1
	Independents	2,448,591	24.95	3
	Others	892,360	9.09	0
Total		9,815,049	100.00	38
Valid votes		7,208,237	99.11
Invalid/blank votes		64,377	0.89
Total votes		7,272,614	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		13,726,706	52.98

Results by Telugu-majority constituencies

These were 23 constituencies with 28 seats, namely Pathapatnam, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam (2 seats), Kakinada, Rajahmundry (2 seats), Eluru (2 seats), Masulipatnam, Gudivada, Vijayawada, Tenali, Guntur, Narasaraopet, Ongole (2 seats), Nellore, Nandyal, Kurnool, Anantapur, Cuddapah, Chittoor (2 seats) and Tirupati.

Congress stalwarts such as N. G. Ranga, Durgabai Deshmukh, and Mosalikanti Thirumala Rao lost in that election. Reason for the poor performance of Congress in Telugu-speaking areas both in general then referred as Andhra was attributed to their delay in the formation of a separate state for Telugu people. It eventually led to the formation of the Andhra state in 1953 and later the linguistic reorganization of Indian States in 1956.

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Indian National Congress	2,299,670	29.58	7
	Communist Party of India	1,067,618	13.73	6
	Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party	882,126	11.35	2
	Socialist Party	430,208	5.53	2
	Independents	1,870,766	24.06	11
	Others	1,224,459	15.75	0
Total		7,774,847	100.00	28
Valid votes		6,068,222	99.11
Invalid/blank votes		54,196	0.89
Total votes		6,122,418	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		10,058,378	60.87

Results by Kannada-majority constituencies

These were 3 constituencies with 3 seats, namely Bellary, South Kanara (North) and South Kanara South. However, Bellary constituency had significant Telugu minority population.

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Indian National Congress	319,717	49.46	3
	Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party	174,046	26.92	0
	Socialist Party	36,371	5.63	0
	Independents	116,319	17.99	0
Total		646,453	100.00	3
Valid votes		646,453	99.11
Invalid/blank votes		5,774	0.89
Total votes		652,227	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		1,043,246	62.52

Results by Malayalam-majority constituencies

These were 5 constituencies with 6 seats, namely Cannanore, Tellicherry, Kozhikode, Malappuram and Ponnani (2 seats).

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party	440,526	25.95	3
	Indian National Congress	537,775	31.67	1
	Communist Party of India	228,234	13.44	1
	Muslim League	79,470	4.68	1
	Independents	182,652	10.76	0
	Others	229,155	13.50	0
Total		1,697,812	100.00	6
Valid votes		1,310,669	99.23
Invalid/blank votes		10,188	0.77
Total votes		1,320,857	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		2,152,621	61.36

List of Elected MPs

Telugu speaking areas had 28 seats from 23 constituencies (constituency serial numbers 1 to 24 except 19), Tamil speaking areas had 38 seats from 31 constituencies (constituency serial numbers 25 to 55), Kannada speaking areas had 3 seats from 3 (constituency serial numbers 19, 56 and 57) and Malayalam speaking areas had 6 seats from 5 constituencies (constituency numbers 58 to 62). Kannada-majority Bellary and Tamil-majority Madras has significant Telugu populations.

S.No	Constituency	Seats	Winner	Party	Runner-upa	Partya
1	Pathapatnam	1	V. V. Giri	INC	Madhusudana Jagadeva Raja Bahadur	IND
2	Srikakulam	1	Boddepalli Rajagopala Rao	IND	Pasupathi Lakshmi Narasinha Raju	INC
3	Parvathipuram	1	N Rama Seshiah	IND	Senapathi Sitharama Patrudu	INC
4	Vizianagaram	1	Kandala Subramaniam	SP	Pasumarthi Veerabhadhraswami	INC
5	Visakhapatnam	2	Lanka Sundaram Gam Malludora	IND IND	K.Subbaraju	INC
6	Kakinada	1	Chelikani Venkata Rama Rao	CPI	Mosalikanti Thirumala Rao	INC
7	Rajahmundry	2	Kaneti Mohan Rao Nalla Reddi Naidu	CPI SP	Gammididala Durgabhai Deshmukh Rama Danayya	INC INC
8	Eluru	2	Kondru Subba Rao B. S. Murty	CPI KMPP	K. Ramayya C. Ammanaraja	INC INC
9	Masulipatnam	1	Sanaka Buchhikotaiah	CPI	K. Ramayya	INC
10	Gudivada	1	K. Gopala Rao	CPI	Duggirala Balarama Krishnaiah	INC
11	Vijayawada	1	Harindranath Chattopadhyay	IND	Rajyam Sinha	INC
12	Tenali	1	Kotha Raghuramaiah	INC	Koratala Satyanarayana	CPI
13	Guntur	1	S V Laxmi Narsimhan	IND	N. G. Ranga	INC
14	Narasaraopet	1	Chapalamadugu Ramaiah Cowdary	IND	Nandala Anjaneyulu Reddi	INC
15	Ongole	2	M Nanadass P. Venkataraghaviah	IND IND	K. Venkataranga Chetti E. Sundara Rama Reddi	KMPP INC
16	Nellore	1	Bezawada Ramachandra Reddy	IND	Vennelakurthi Raghavaiah	INC
17	Nandyal	1	Seshgiri Rao	IND	Sura Rami Reddy	INC
18	Kurnool	1	Y. Gadi Lingana Goud[1]	IND	H Sitaram Reddy[note 1]	INC
19	Bellary	1	Tekur Subramanyam	INC	Y. Mahabaleswarappa	INC
20	Anantapur	1	Paidi Lakshmayya	INC	Pamidi Bayapa Reddi	IND
21	Penukonda	1	K S Raghavachari	KMPP	Kalluri Subba Rao	INC
22	Cuddapah	1	Y. Eswara Reddy	CPI	P. Basi Reddi	INC
23	Chittoor	2	T N Vishwanatha Reddi M V Gangadhara Siva	INC INC	K. Nanjappa C.L.Narasimha Reddi	KLP KLP
24	Tirupati	1	M Ananthasayanam Ayyanagar	INC	N. Venkatram Naidu	KLP
25	Madras	1	T. T. Krishnamachari	INC	Balasubramanya MDR	JUSP
26	Thiruvallur	2	Maragatham Chandrasekhar P. Natesan	INC	Guruswami Sarojini Rajah	IND KMPP
27	Chengalpattu	1	O. V. Alagesan	INC	A. R. L. Pathy	KMPP
28	Kancheepuram	1	A. Krishnaswami	CWL	T. Chengalvarayan	INC
29	Vellore	2	M. Muthukrishnan Ramachandar	INC CWL	N. S. Varadachari Muhammad Anwar	INC IND
30	Vandavasi	1	Munusami	CWL	Ramachandra Reddy	INC
31	Krishnagiri	1	C. R. Narasimhan	INC	C. Doraisami Gounder	IND
32	Dharmapuri	1	N. Satyanathan	IND	K. Subramanian	INC
33	Salem	1	S. V. Ramaswami	INC	S. Duraikannu Pillai	IND
34	Erode	2	Balakrishnan Periasami Gounder	INC INC	Kesavlal Jalidas Jait Pasupathi	IND SP
35	Tiruchengode	1	S. K. Baby	IND	P. Subbarayan	INC
36	Tiruppur	1	T. S. Avinashilingam Chettiar	INC	Venkatachalam	IND
37	Pollachi	1	Damodaran	INC	Krishnabai Nimbkar Vasudev	SP
38	Coimbatore	1	T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar	INC
39	Pudukkottai	1	K. M. Vallatharasu	KMPP	V. Ramaiah Servai	INC
40	Perambalur	1	V. Boorarangaswami Padayachi	TNT	R. Krishnaswami Reddiar	INC
41	Tiruchirappalli	1	E. Mathuram	IND	N. Halasyam	INC
42	Thanjavur	1	R. Venkataraman	INC	R. Srinivasa Sharma	IND
43	Kumbakonam	1	C. Ramaswamy Mudaliar	INC	Ramaiah	IND
44	Mayuram	2	K. Ananda Nambiar K. Santhanam	CPI INC	V. Veeraswami R. Subramaniam	INC CPI
45	Cuddalore	2	Govindasamy Kachirayar Kanakasabai	TNT INC	L. Elayaperumal N. Rajangan	INC TNT
46	Tindivanam	2	A. Jayaraman V. Munuswamy	TNT TNT	V. I. Munuswamy Pillai Ramnath Goenka	INC INC
47	Tirunelveli	1	P. T. Thanu Pillai	INC	Adhimoolam Nadar	IND
48	Srivaikuntam	1	A. V. Thomas	INC	M. M. Subramanian	SP
49	Sankaranainarkoil	1	M. Sankarapandian	INC	Ahmad Ibrahim	IND
50	Aruppukottai	1	U. Muthuramalinga Thevar	FBL (MG)	M. Gulam Mohideen	INC
51	Ramanathapuram	1	V. VR. N. AR. Nagappa Chettiar	INC	T. Sundaram	KMPP
52	Srivilliputhur	1	K. Kamaraj Nadar	INC	G. D. Naidu	IND
53	Madurai	2	S. Balasubramaniam Kodimangalam P. M. Kakkan	INC INC	Thangamani Nadar S. A. Rahim	CPI SP
54	Periyakulam	1	A. Sakthivadivel Gounder	INC	C. Raghupathi Thevar	FBL (MG)
55	Dindigul	1	Ammu Swaminathan	INC	Krishnaswami	CPI
56	South Kanara (North)	1	U. Srinivas Mallya	INC	Jinaraja Hegde	KMPP
57	South Kanara South	1	B. Shiva Rao	INC	K.R. Karanth	KMPP
58	Cannanore	1	A. K. Gopalan	CPI	C.K.K. Govindan Nayar	INC
59	Tellicherry	1	N. Damodaran	KMPP	P. Kunhiraman	INC
60	Kozhikode	1	K. A. Damodara Menon	KMPP	Ummar Koya Parappil	INC
61	Malappuram	1	B. Pocker	IUML	T. V. Chattukutty Nair	INC
62	Ponnani	2	Kellapan Koyhapali Vella Eacharan Iyyani	KMPP INC	Karunakara Menon Massan Gani	INC IND

See also

• Elections in Tamil Nadu

Bibliography

• Volume I, 1951 Indian general election, 1st Lok Sabha

External links

• Website of Election Commission of India
• CNN-IBN Lok Sabha Election History

Notes

1. The ECI report seems to have erroneously mentions that Sitaram Reddy got highest votes in Kurnool whereas the Parliamentary archives mention that it was Lingana Goud who represented Kurnool during first Lok Sabha (1952-57).

1. 1st Lok Sabha Members Archived 26 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine