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The 1921 Detroit Tigers finished in sixth place in the American League, 27 games behind the Yankees, with a record of 71–82. Despite their sixth-place finish, the 1921 Tigers amassed 1,724 hits and a team batting average of .316—the highest team hit total and batting average in American League history. Detroit outfielders Harry Heilmann and Ty Cobb finished No. 1 and No. 2 in the American League batting race with batting averages of .394 and .389, and all three Detroit outfielders (Heilmann, Cobb, and Bobby Veach) ranked among the league leaders in batting average and RBIs. As early proof of the baseball adage that "Good Pitching Beats Good Hitting", the downfall of the 1921 Tigers was the absence of good pitching. The team ERA was 4.40, they allowed nine or more runs 28 times, and only one pitcher (Dutch Leonard) had an ERA below 4.24.
| 1921 Detroit Tigers | ||
|---|---|---|
| League | American League | |
| Ballpark | Navin Field | |
| City | Detroit, Michigan | |
| Owners | Frank Navin | |
| Managers | Ty Cobb | |
| ||
Catcher Johnny Bassler had a career on-base percentage of .416 in nine major league seasons, the second highest all time among major league catchers. He was considered the best catcher in baseball from 1921 to 1925, finishing in the top seven in the American League MVP voting three straight years: 6th in 1922, 7th in 1923, and 5th in 1924. Bassler was an outstanding offensive and defensive player. Baseball historian Bill James wrote that, "if his major league career wasn't so short he would rank among the top 20 catchers of all time."[1] Because of the brevity of his major league career, James ranked Bassler as the 47th best catcher of all time. Bassler was a career .304 hitter who walked 437 times, while striking out only 81 times. That is a ratio of 5.4 walks per strikeout – one of the highest in major league history. His 1925 total of 57.3 at bats per strikeout is one of the highest in American League history.
First baseman Lu Blue was a switch-hitter who had a career on-base percentage of .402. The 1921 season was Blue's first in the major leagues, and he hit .308 with a .416 on-base percentage and 131 runs scored. Blue was the Tigers' starting first baseman from 1921 to 1927, hitting above .300 four times, including a .311 season in 1924. He finished among the top vote getters in the American League Most Valuable Player voting three times for the Tigers: 10th in 1922, 19th in 1924, and 12th in 1925. Blue was among the league leaders in bases on balls ten times in his career (1921–1923, 1925–1931). With his ability to get on base, Blue was also a top run scorer, with 1151 runs scored in his career, including six seasons with 100 or more runs. Blue was also one of the best fielding first basemen of his era. In 1571 games at first base, Blue had 15,644 putouts and a career range factor of 10.60 – almost 3.00 full points above the league average of 7.64 for first basemen in his era.
Second baseman Ralph Young played for the Tigers from 1915 to 1921. At 5'5", Young was one of the shortest players ever to wear the Tigers' uniform. His small stature, and correspondingly small strike zone, assisted him in both collecting walks and avoiding strikeouts. In nine seasons, Young collected 495 bases on balls and struck out only 254 times (in 3,643 at bats). In 1921, he hit .299 and was the only Detroit position player at the end of the season who fell short of the .300 mark.
Shortstop Donie Bush was Detroit's starting shortstop for thirteen seasons from 1909 to 1921. In 1914, Bush had 425 putouts (still the major league record for shortstops) and 969 chances (still the American League record). During the decade from 1910 to 1919, no one had more bases on balls than Bush. Bush also ranked among the league leaders in stolen bases nine times. With his ability to get on base, Bush was also among the league leaders in runs scored ten times. Bush was released by the Tigers in late August 1921 and signed by the Washington Senators.
After Bush was released, Ira Flagstead and Herm Merritt played shortstop for Detroit during the balance of the 1921 season. Despite batting .370 in his rookie season, Merritt did not make the team in 1922 and never played another major league game. Merritt died in 1927 at age 26.
Left fielder Harry Heilmann won the first of his four American League batting crowns in 1921, hitting .394. On July 8, 1921, Heilmann hit a home run in Detroit that the New York Tribune reported measured 610 feet – one of the longest home runs ever hit by a Tiger. In addition to winning the batting crown, Heilmann also led the league with 237 hits and was among the league leaders with a .444 on-base percentage (3rd best), .606 slugging percentage (2nd best), 365 total bases (2nd best), 43 doubles (3rd best), 139 RBIs (2nd best), and 76 extra base hits (3rd best). Heilmann also won batting crowns in 1923, 1925, and 1927. Heilmann and Ted Williams are the last two American League players to hit .400, Heilmann having accomplished the feat in 1923 with a batting average of .403. As of the end of the 2009 season, Heilmann's career batting average of .342 is the 12th highest in major league history.[2]
In 1921, the Tigers' owner, Frank Navin, signed center fielder Ty Cobb to take over for Hughie Jennings as the team's manager. The signing caught the baseball world off-guard. Universally disliked (even by the members of his own team) but a legendary player, Cobb's management style left a lot to be desired. He expected as much from his players as he gave, and most of the men did not meet his standard.[3][4] As a player, Cobb continued to excel, finishing second in the AL batting race to Heilmann with a .389 batting average, with a .596 slugging percentage (3rd in the AL), 124 runs (5th in the AL), 22 stolen bases (4th in the AL), 197 hits (8th in the AL), 65 extra base hits (7th in the AL), and 101 RBIs (9th in the AL).
Bobby Veach was Detroit's starting left fielder for eleven years from 1913 to 1923. Despite being one of the most productive hitters in baseball during his years in Detroit, Veach played in the shadows of three Detroit outfielders who won 16 batting titles and were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame: Ty Cobb, Sam Crawford, and Harry Heilmann. Veach had 128 RBIs (4th in the AL) and hit .338 (9th in the AL) in 1921. He led the league in RBIs three times (1915, 1917, and 1918) and was among the league leaders 10 times. Nobody in baseball hit as many RBIs or extra base hits as Veach did during his prime from 1915 to 1922. Veach also ranked among the league leaders in batting average six times and had a career batting average of .311. Veach was also a superior left fielder. His 384 putouts in 1921 and 26 assists in 1920 are among the highest ever by a left fielder.
In 1921, Veach was the subject of an unusual motivational tactic by new player-manager Ty Cobb. Cobb believed that Veach, who came to bat with a smile and engaged in friendly conversation with umpires and opposing pitchers, was too easygoing. Detroit Tigers historian, Fred Lieb, described Veach as a "happy-go-lucky guy, not too brilliant above the ears", who "was as friendly as a Newfoundland pup with opponents as well as teammates."[5] Hoping to light a fire in Veach, Cobb persuaded Harry Heilmann, who followed Veach in the batting order, to taunt Veach from the on-deck circle. "I want you to make him mad. Real mad. . . . [W]hile you're waiting, call him a yellow belly, a quitter and a dog. … Take that smile off his face." The tactic may have worked, as Veach had career-highs in RBIs (126) and home runs (16), and his batting average jumped from .308 to .338. Cobb had promised to tell Veach about the scheme when the season was over, but he never did. When Heilmann tried to explain, Veach reportedly snarled, "Don't come sucking around me with that phony line." Veach never forgave Heilmann.[6]
Dutch Leonard was the "ace" of the Tigers' pitching staff in 1921 with a 3.75 ERA—the only pitcher with an ERA below 4.00. In 1914, Leonard set the major league record for the lowest single-season ERA of all time–0.96.
Through his years in Detroit, Leonard fought with manager Ty Cobb. Even before their player-manager feud, Leonard and Cobb had a history. In 1914, Leonard hit Cobb in the ribs with a fastball. In the next at bat, Cobb dragged a bunt down the first base line and ran directly at Leonard who was covering the bag. Cobb later called Leonard a "damned coward" for running toward the dugout to avoid being cut by Cobb's spikes.[7] During a 1922 argument, Leonard cursed Cobb to his face and ended up quitting the team, calling Cobb a "horse's ass."[8] When Leonard returned to the Tigers in 1924, the feud resumed. In 1925, Leonard had an 11–3 record, but Cobb called him shirker. Leonard accused Cobb of over-working him, and Cobb responded in July 1925 by leaving Leonard on the mound for an entire game despite Leonard's giving up 20 hits and taking a 12–4 beating. After that, Leonard refused to pitch for Cobb, and the Tigers put Leonard on waivers, ending Leonard's career.[9]
In 1926, Leonard sought his revenge, accusing Cobb of being involved in fixing games with Tris Speaker. To corroborate his story, Leonard produced letters (including one written by Cobb) that obliquely referred to gambling or game fixing. When Judge Landis made Leonard's letters public, it touched off a scandal. However, Leonard declined to appear and testify at a hearing called by Judge Landis, saying he feared a physical attack from "that wild man." In the absence of Leonard's testimony, Landis found Cobb and Speaker not guilty.
Hooks Dauss played his entire fifteen-year career with the Tigers and is the team's all time wins leader. Though he was among top five in wins five times, Dauss had a 10–15 record in 1921 with a 4.33 ERA. Dauss was an excellent fielding pitcher. His career range factor of 2.28 is 0.65 points higher than the average pitcher of his era. He had 1128 assists in his career, and is career fielding percentage of .968 was also 20 points higher than the average pitcher of his era. Dauss committed only one error in the combined 1923 and 1924 seasons in nearly 100 games pitched.
Howard Ehmke led the 1921 team with 13 wins but had an overall record of 13–14 with a 4.54 ERA. Ehmke ranks No. 16 on the all time major league list for hitting batsmen with a pitch. He hit 137 batters in his career and led the AL in the category in 1921 and six other times, including a career-high 23 in 1922. On August 8, 1920, Ehmke shut out the Yankees 1–0 in one of the shortest games in AL history, lasting only 1 hour‚ 13 minutes. In 1923, he was traded to the Boston Red Sox, where he won 20 games and set the AL record (still standing) for allowing the fewest hits (one) in two consecutive starts.
The team's fourth starter, Red Oldham, had an 11–14 record. As an indicator of how bad the team's pitching was in 1921, Oldham's 4.27 ERA was the second lowest on the team. Shortly after an interview in which new manager Ty Cobb told a reporter that "his aim was to use tact and diplomacy" in dealing with players, Cobb publicly embarrassed Oldham, as he called time-out from his position in center field, "ran in, wrested the ball from Oldham's hand, and gave him a dressing-down before calling in a reliever."[10] Oldham appeared in the final inning of the 1925 World Series for the Pittsburgh Pirates pitching a masterful 1–2–3 inning against three future Hall of Famers: Sam Rice (strikeout), Bucky Harris, and Goose Goslin (strikeout). The Pirates won the game and the World Series with Oldham on the mound.
Suds Sutherland was one of the most interesting stories of the Tigers' 1921 season. Sutherland had pitched a no-hitter in the Pacific Coast League and made the Tigers' team in 1921. One month into the season, he had a record of 5–0. He was 6–2 in his first eight starts. On top of his fine pitching, Sutherland was batting .407 in the first two months of the season. However, Sutherland's career came to an abrupt end in June 1921, as Sutherland found himself in the middle of the Babe Ruth–Ty Cobb feud. In a game against the Yankees, Babe Ruth reportedly hit a 3–0 pitch off Sutherland into the upper deck. Cobb ran in from center field and took out his anger on the rookie pitcher. Though he had the best record on the pitching staff, Cobb never forgave Sutherland for giving up a mammoth blast to the Babe. As a result, Sutherland did not pitch for the Tigers (or for any major league team) after June 1921.
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York Yankees | 98 | 55 | .641 | — | 53–25 | 45–30 |
| Cleveland Indians | 94 | 60 | .610 | 4½ | 51–26 | 43–34 |
| St. Louis Browns | 81 | 73 | .526 | 17½ | 43–34 | 38–39 |
| Washington Senators | 80 | 73 | .523 | 18 | 46–30 | 34–43 |
| Boston Red Sox | 75 | 79 | .487 | 23½ | 41–36 | 34–43 |
| Detroit Tigers | 71 | 82 | .464 | 27 | 37–40 | 34–42 |
| Chicago White Sox | 62 | 92 | .403 | 36½ | 37–40 | 25–52 |
| Philadelphia Athletics | 53 | 100 | .346 | 45 | 28–47 | 25–53 |
Sources: | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Team | BOS | CWS | CLE | DET | NYY | PHA | SLB | WSH | |||||
| Boston | — | 15–7 | 8–14 | 15–7 | 7–15 | 12–10 | 9–13 | 9–13 | |||||
| Chicago | 7–15 | — | 7–15 | 8–14 | 13–9 | 14–8 | 7–15 | 6–16 | |||||
| Cleveland | 14–8 | 15–7 | — | 13–9 | 8–14 | 15–7 | 17–5 | 12–10 | |||||
| Detroit | 7–15 | 14–8 | 9–13 | — | 5–17 | 14–7–1 | 12–10 | 10–12 | |||||
| New York | 15–7 | 9–13 | 14–8 | 17–5 | — | 17–5 | 13–9 | 13–8 | |||||
| Philadelphia | 10–12 | 8–14 | 7–15 | 7–14–1 | 5–17 | — | 5–17 | 11–11–1 | |||||
| St. Louis | 13–9 | 15–7 | 5–17 | 10–12 | 9–13 | 17–5 | — | 12–10 | |||||
| Washington | 13–9 | 16–6 | 10–12 | 12–10 | 8–13 | 11–11–1 | 10–12 | — | |||||
| 1921 Detroit Tigers | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roster | |||||||||
| Pitchers | Catchers
Infielders |
Outfielders
Other batters |
Manager
Coaches | ||||||
The 1921 Tigers were one of the best hitting teams in baseball history. Their team batting average of .316 is the highest in American League history and the second highest in modern major league history, trailing only the 1930 New York Giants, who had a team batting average of .319. (The American League batting average in 1921 was .302, and the National League batting average in 1930 was .309. So measured against the league batting average for their respective seasons, the 1921 Tigers were 14 points above average, and the 1930 Giants were ten points above league average.)
The Tigers also amassed 1724 hits in 1921—the highest single season total by any team in American League history. Only one other American League team and four National League teams (all during an aberrant 1930 season when the National League batting average was .309) have had 1700 hits in a single season. They are:
The 1921 Tigers had six starters with batting averages of .300 or higher:
All three Tigers outfielders were among the league leaders in RBIs in 1921.
Despite having one of the best batting lineups in baseball history, the 1921 Tigers finished in sixth place with a losing record. As early proof of the baseball adage that "Good Pitching Beats Good Hitting", the downfall of the 1921 Tigers was the absence of good pitching. The team ERA was 4.40, no Detroit pitcher won more than 13 games, and only one pitcher (Dutch Leonard) had an ERA below 4.24.
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | Johnny Bassler | 119 | 388 | 119 | .307 | 0 | 56 |
| 1B | Lu Blue | 153 | 585 | 180 | .308 | 5 | 75 |
| 2B | Ralph Young | 107 | 401 | 120 | .299 | 0 | 29 |
| 3B | Bob Jones | 141 | 554 | 168 | .303 | 1 | 72 |
| SS | Donie Bush | 104 | 402 | 113 | .281 | 0 | 27 |
| OF | Bobby Veach | 150 | 612 | 207 | .338 | 16 | 128 |
| OF | Ty Cobb | 128 | 507 | 197 | .389 | 12 | 101 |
| OF | Harry Heilmann | 149 | 602 | 237 | .394 | 19 | 139 |
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ira Flagstead | 85 | 259 | 79 | .305 | 0 | 31 |
| Chick Shorten | 92 | 217 | 59 | .272 | 0 | 23 |
| Joe Sargent | 66 | 178 | 45 | .253 | 2 | 22 |
| Eddie Ainsmith | 35 | 98 | 27 | .276 | 0 | 12 |
| Larry Woodall | 46 | 80 | 29 | .363 | 0 | 14 |
| Herm Merritt | 20 | 46 | 17 | .370 | 0 | 6 |
| Sam Barnes | 7 | 11 | 2 | .182 | 0 | 0 |
| Clyde Manion | 12 | 10 | 2 | .200 | 0 | 2 |
| Jackie Tavener | 2 | 4 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Sammy Hale | 9 | 2 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Clarence Huber | 1 | 0 | 0 | ---- | 0 | 0 |
| George Cunningham | 1 | 0 | 0 | ---- | 0 | 0 |
Note: pitchers' batting statistics not included.
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch Leonard | 36 | 245.0 | 11 | 13 | 3.75 | 120 |
| Hooks Dauss | 32 | 233.0 | 10 | 15 | 4.33 | 68 |
| Red Oldham | 40 | 229.1 | 11 | 14 | 4.24 | 67 |
| Howard Ehmke | 30 | 196.1 | 13 | 14 | 4.54 | 68 |
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carl Holling | 35 | 136.0 | 3 | 7 | 4.30 | 38 |
| Jim Middleton | 38 | 121.2 | 6 | 11 | 5.03 | 31 |
| Bert Cole | 20 | 109.2 | 7 | 4 | 4.27 | 22 |
| Suds Sutherland | 13 | 58.0 | 6 | 2 | 4.97 | 18 |
| Pol Perritt | 4 | 13.0 | 1 | 0 | 4.85 | 3 |
| Doc Ayers | 2 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 | 9.00 | 0 |
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slicker Parks | 10 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5.68 | 10 |
| Lefty Stewart | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12.00 | 4 |
| Jim Walsh | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.25 | 3 |
| Dan Boone | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 |
The following members of the 1921 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 players of all time at their position, as ranked in The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:
| Level | Team | League | Manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| AA | Rochester Colts | International League | George Stallings |
| A | Fort Worth Panthers | Texas League | Jake Atz |
LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Fort Worth[11]
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