1920 APFA season

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The 1920 APFA season was the inaugural season of the American Professional Football Association, renamed the National Football League in 1922. An agreement to form a league was made by four independent teams from Ohio on August 20, 1920, at Ralph Hay's office in Canton, Ohio, with plans to invite owners of more teams for a second meeting on September 17, 1920.[1] The "American Professional Football Conference" (APFC) was made up of Hay's Canton Bulldogs, Akron Pros, the Cleveland Tigers and the Dayton Triangles, who decided on a six-game schedule to play each other at home-and-away, an agreement to respect each other's player contracts, and to take a stand against signing college students whose class had not yet graduated.[2][3]

Quick Facts Regular season, Duration ...
1920 NFL season
Regular season
DurationSeptember 26 – December 19, 1920
ChampionsAkron Pros
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Pros
Pros
All-Americans
All-Americans
Bulldogs
Bulldogs
Cardinals
Cardinals
Tigers
Tigers
Tigers
Tigers
Panhandles
Panhandles
Triangles
Triangles
Staleys
Staleys
Heralds
Heralds
Jeffersons
Jeffersons
Independents
Independents
Traveling teams Pros Flyers
Traveling teams
Pros
Flyers
APFA teams

A second organizational meeting was held in Canton on September 17, 1920, with the original four APFC clubs, as well as a fifth Ohio team that had played informally in what historians later dubbed the "Ohio League" (the Columbus Panhandles) and four teams from Illinois (Chicago Cardinals and Chicago Tigers, Decatur Staleys, and Rock Island Independents), two from Indiana (Hammond Pros and Muncie Flyers), two from New York (Buffalo All-Americans and Rochester Jeffersons), and the Detroit Heralds from Michigan for a total of 14. At the meeting, the name of the league became the American Professional Football Association. Four other teams also joined the Association during the year. Meanwhile, Jim Thorpe of the Canton Bulldogs was named the APFA's first president but continued to play for the team.

Scheduling was left up to each team: there were wide variations, both in the overall number of games played, and in the number played against other Association members. Thus, no official standings were maintained. In addition, football teams in the APFA also faced independent football teams not associated with the league. Of the 90 games played in the 1920 season, 51 of them were against teams that were outside of the APFA.

For instance, the Rochester Jeffersons played a schedule consisting mostly of local teams from their local sandlot circuit and the NYPFL, and only played one game against a team that was part in the APFA; The Buffalo All-Americans.

The Akron Pros ended the season as the only undefeated team in the Association. Despite this, two one-loss teams, the Decatur Staleys and Buffalo All-Americans, who both tied Akron that year, made cases for a co-championship.

At the league meeting in Akron on April 30, 1921, the Pros were awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup for the 1920 season, the only year the trophy was used. Had modern NFL tie-breaking rules been in force in 1920, the Buffalo All-Americans (9–1–1) would have been co-champions with the Akron Pros (8–0–3), as both teams had a win percentage of .864 and their only game was tied, while the Staleys (10–1–2) would have finished third with .846. In this regard, if games against non-APFA teams are excluded, Akron (6–0–3) would still have won the championship with .833, but the All-Americans (4–1–1) and the Staleys (5–1–2) would have finished equal second with .750 as they did not play each other.

Of the 14 teams that played in the APFA/NFL's inaugural season, the Chicago Cardinals, now the Arizona Cardinals, and the Decatur Staleys, now the Chicago Bears, are the only teams that remain in the league.[4]

Formation

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Ralph Hay, one of the founding representatives

Prior to the APFA, there were several other loose, professional organizations; most of the APFA teams were from either the Ohio League or the New York Pro Football League. On August 20, 1920, a meeting attended by representatives of four Ohio League teams—Ralph Hay and Jim Thorpe for the Canton Bulldogs, Jimmy O'Donnell and Stan Cofall for the Cleveland Tigers, Carl Storck for the Dayton Triangles, and Frank Nied and Art Ranney for the Akron Pros[5]—was held. At the meeting, the representatives tentatively agreed to call their new league the American Professional Football Conference, introduce a salary cap for the teams, and not to sign college players nor players under contract with another team.[6][7] According to the Canton Evening Repository, the purpose of the league was to "raise the standard of professional football in every way possible, to eliminate bidding for players between rival clubs and to secure cooperation in the formation of schedules, at least for the bigger teams."[8] The representatives then contacted other major professional teams and invited them to a meeting for September 17.[9]

At that meeting, held at Bulldogs owner Ralph Hay's Hupmobile showroom in Canton, Ohio, representatives of the Rock Island Independents, the Muncie Flyers, the Decatur Staleys, the Racine Cardinals, the Massillon Tigers, the Chicago Tigers, and the Hammond Pros agreed to join the league. Representatives of the Buffalo All-Americans and Rochester Jeffersons could not attend the meeting, but sent letters to Hay asking to be included in the league.[10] Team representatives changed the league's name slightly to the American Professional Football Association and elected officers, installing Thorpe as president, Cofall as vice-president and Ranney as secretary-treasurer.[5][10][11][12] Under the new league structure, teams created their schedules dynamically as the season progressed, so there were no minimum or maximum number of games needed to be played.[13][14] Also, representatives of each team voted to determine the winner of the APFA trophy.[15]

Teams

The APFA had 14 teams that played during its inaugural season.

Team folded this season

Schedule

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The regular-season schedule was not fixed but was created dynamically by each team as the season progressed.[13][14] The first game involving an APFA team occurred on September 26, when the Rock Island Independents beat the St. Paul Ideals 48–0.

The first official game between APFA (NFL) members occurred on October 3, when the Dayton Triangles beat the Columbus Panhandles 14–0. The Triangles' Lou Partlow scored the league's first touchdown and George "Hobby" Kinderline kicked the first extra point. An historic marker placed by the Ohio Historical Society at Triangle Park in Dayton marks the location of that first ever game.[19]

The final game of the season was a 14–14 tie between the Chicago Cardinals and the non-league Chicago Stayms on December 19, 1920.[citation needed] The Decatur Staleys and the Canton Bulldogs played the most games in the season (13), while the Muncie Flyers played the fewest (1).[20] The Buffalo All-Americans scored the most points all season (258), and the Akron Pros allowed the fewest points (7).[21]

1920 APFA teams' roster photos
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Akron Pros
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Canton Bulldogs
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Chicago Cardinals
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Dayton Triangles
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Decatur Staleys
More information Symbol, Meaning ...
Key
Symbol Meaning
Highlighted APFA game
Non-APFA team
(numbers in parentheses) Team's win–loss–tie record
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More information September 26, 1920, Visitor ...
Week 1
September 26, 1920
VisitorScoreHomeScoreLocation
St. Paul Ideals0Rock Island Independents (1–0–0)48Douglas Park
Week 2
October 3, 1920
Wheeling Stogies0Akron Pros (1–0–0)43Akron League Park
West Buffalo6Buffalo All-Americans (1–0–0)32Canisius Field
Pitcairn Quakers0Canton Bulldogs (1–0–0)48Lakeside Park
Columbus Panhandles (0–1–0)0Dayton Triangles (1–0–0)14Triangle Park
Moline Universal Tractors0Decatur Staleys (1–0–0)20Staley Field
Muncie Flyers (0–1–0)0Rock Island Independents (2–0–0)45Douglas Park
All-Buffalo0Rochester Jeffersons (1–0–0)10Rochester Baseball Park
Week 3
October 10, 1920
Columbus Panhandles (0–2–0)0Akron Pros (2–0–0)37Akron League Park
All-Buffalo0Buffalo All-Americans (2–0–0)51Canisius Field
Toledo Maroons0Canton Bulldogs (2–0–0)42Lakeside Park
Racine Cardinals (0–0–1)0Chicago Tigers (0–0–1)0Cubs Park
Cleveland Tigers (0–0–1)0Dayton Triangles (1–0–1)0Triangle Park
Kewanee Walworths7Decatur Staleys (2–0–0)25Staley Field
Cleveland Panthers14Detroit Heralds (1–0–0)40Mack Park
Hammond Pros (0–1–0)0Rock Island Independents (3–0–0)26Douglas Park
Fort Porter0Rochester Jeffersons (2–0–0)66Rochester Baseball Park
Week 4
October 17, 1920
Cincinnati Celts0Akron Pros (3–0–0)13Akron League Park
McKeesport Olympics7Buffalo All-Americans (3–0–0)28Canisius Field
Cleveland Tigers (0–1–1)0Canton Bulldogs (3–0–0)7Lakeside Park
Moline Universal Tractors3Racine Cardinals (1–0–1)33St. Rita's Field
Detroit Heralds (1–1–0)0Chicago Tigers (1–0–1)12Cubs Park
Columbus Panhandles (0–3–0)0Fort Wayne Friars14Fort Wayne League Park
Hammond Pros (0–2–0)0Dayton Triangles (2–0–1)44Triangle Park
Decatur Staleys (3–0–0)7Rock Island Independents (3–1–0)0Douglas Park
Utica Knights of Columbus0Rochester Jeffersons (2–0–1)0Rochester Baseball Park
Week 5
October 24, 1920
Cleveland Tigers (0–2–1)0Akron Pros (4–0–0)7Akron League Park
Toledo Maroons0Buffalo All-Americans (4–0–0)38Canisius Field
Canton Bulldogs (3–0–1)20Dayton Triangles (2–0–2)20Triangle Park
Racine Cardinals (1–1–1)0Rock Island Independents (4–1–0)7Douglas Park
Decatur Staleys (4–0–0)10Chicago Tigers (1–1–1)0Cubs Park
Columbus Panhandles (0–4–0)0Detroit Heralds (2–1–0)6Mack Park
Syracuse Stars7Rochester Jeffersons (3–0–1)21Rochester Baseball Park
Week 6
October 31, 1920
Akron Pros (5–0–0)10Canton Bulldogs (3–1–1)0Lakeside Park
Rochester Jeffersons (3–1–1)6Buffalo All-Americans (5–0–0)17Canisius Field
Detroit Heralds (2–2–0)0Racine Cardinals (2–1–1)21Cubs Park
Chicago Tigers (1–2–1)7Rock Island Independents (5–1–0)20Douglas Park
Columbus Panhandles (0–5–0)0Cleveland Tigers (1–2–1)7Dunn Field
Cincinnati Celts 7Dayton Triangles (3–0–2)23Triangle Park
Decatur Staleys (5–0–0)29Rockford A.C.0Kishwaukee Park
Hammond Pros (1–2–0)14Logan Square9Logan Square Park
Week 7
November 7, 1920
All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks0Buffalo All-Americans (6–0–0)35Canisius Field
Canton Bulldogs (4–1–1)18Cleveland Tigers (1–3–1)0Dunn Field
Racine Cardinals (3–1–1)6Chicago Tigers (1–3–1)3Cubs Park
Columbus Panhandles (1–5–0)10Zanesville Mark Grays0Zanesville, Ohio
Decatur Staleys (5–0–1)0Rock Island Independents (5–1–1)0Douglas Park
Hammond Pros (2–2–0)14Pullman Thorns13Chicago, Illinois
Utica Knights of Columbus7Rochester Jeffersons (4–1–1)27Rochester Baseball Park
Week 8
November 11, 1920
Decatur Staleys (6–0–1)20Champaign Legion0Champaign, Illinois
Rock Island Independents (5–1–2)7Thorn Tornadoes7Monmouth, Illinois
November 14, 1920
Akron Pros (5–0–1)7Cleveland Tigers (1–3–2)7Dunn Field
Columbus Panhandles (1–6–0)7Buffalo All-Americans (7–0–0)43Canisius Field
Chicago Tigers (1–4–1)0Canton Bulldogs (5–1–1)21Lakeside Park
Cincinnati Celts0Racine Cardinals (4–1–1)21Chicago, Illinois
Dayton Triangles (4–0–2)21Rock Island Independents (5–2–2)0Douglas Park
Decatur Staleys (7–0–1)3Minneapolis Marines0Nicollet Park
Detroit Heralds (2–2–1)0Fort Wayne Friars0Fort Wayne League Park
Hammond Pros (2–3–0)6Gary Elks7Gleason Field
All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks6Rochester Jeffersons (4–2–1)0Rochester Baseball Park
Week 9
November 21, 1920
Dayton Triangles (4–1–2)0Akron Pros (6–0–1)13Akron League Park
Canton Bulldogs (6–1–1)3Buffalo All-Americans (7–1–0)0Canisius Field
Lansing Oldsmobile0Racine Cardinals (5–1–1)14Chicago, Illinois
Toledo Maroons0Cleveland Tigers (2–3–2)14Dunn Field
Columbus Panhandles (1–6–1)0Zanesville Mark Grays0Zanesville, Ohio
Hammond Pros (2–4–0)7Decatur Staleys (8–0–1)28Staley Field
Rochester Scalpers0Rochester Jeffersons (5–2–1)16Rochester Baseball Park
Week 10
November 25, 1920
Canton Bulldogs (6–2–1)0Akron Pros (7–0–1)7Akron League Park
Decatur Staleys (9–0–1)6Chicago Tigers (1–5–1)0Chicago Cub Park
Columbus Panhandles (1–6–2)0Elyria Athletics0Lorain, Ohio
Detroit Heralds (2–3–1)0Dayton Triangles (5–1–2)28Triangle Park
Hammond Pros (2–5–0)0Chicago Boosters27DePaul Field
All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks (2–1–0)14Rochester Jeffersons (5–3–1)3Rochester Baseball Park
November 28, 1920
Akron Pros (8–0–1)14Dayton Triangles (5–2–2)0Triangle Park
Cleveland Tigers (2–4–2)0Buffalo All-Americans (8–1–0)7Buffalo Baseball Park
Decatur Staleys (9–1–1)6Racine Cardinals (6–1–1)7Normal Park
Thorn Tornadoes0Chicago Tigers (2–5–1)27Cubs Park
Lansing Oldsmobile0Detroit Heralds (2–3–2)0Mack Park
Rochester Scalpers6Rochester Jeffersons (6–3–1)7Rochester Baseball Park
Pittsburgh All-Collegians7Rock Island Independents (6–2–2)48Douglas Park
Week 11
December 4, 1920
Canton Bulldogs (6–3–1)3Buffalo All-Americans (9–1–0)7New York Polo Grounds
December 5, 1920
Akron Pros (8–0–2)0Buffalo All-Americans (9–1–1)0Buffalo Baseball Park
Canton Bulldogs (6–3–2)0Washington Glee Club0New Haven, Connecticut
Racine Cardinals (6–2–1)0Decatur Staleys (10–1–1)10Cubs Park
Columbus Wagner Pirates0Columbus Panhandles (2–6–2)24Neil Park
Detroit Maroons7Detroit Heralds (2–3–3)7Mack Park
Rochester Scalpers0Rochester Jeffersons (6–3–2)0Exposition Park
Week 12
December 11, 1920
Canton Bulldogs (6–4–2)7Union Club of Phoenixville13Phillies Park
December 12, 1920
Akron Pros (8–0–3)0Decatur Staleys (10–1–2)0Cubs Park
Week 13
December 18, 1920
Canton Bulldogs (7–4–2)39Richmond Athletics0Boulevard Field
December 19, 1920
Racine Cardinals (6–2–2)14Chicago Stayms14Pyott Field
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Final standings

More information standings, W ...
1920 APFA standings[22]
W L T PCT DIV DPCT PF PA STK
Akron Pros 8 0 3 1.000 6–0–3 1.000 151 7 T2
Decatur Staleys 10 1 2 .909 5–1–2 .833 164 21 T1
Buffalo All-Americans 9 1 1 .900 4–1–1 .800 258 32 T1
Chicago Cardinals 6 2 2 .750 3–2–1 .600 101 29 T1
Rock Island Independents 6 2 2 .750 4–2–1 .667 201 49 W1
Dayton Triangles 5 2 2 .714 4–2–2 .667 150 54 L1
Rochester Jeffersons 6 3 2 .667 0–1–0 .000 156 57 T1
Canton Bulldogs 7 4 2 .636 4–3–1 .571 208 57 W1
Detroit Heralds 2 3 3 .400 1–3–0 .250 53 82 T2
Cleveland Tigers 2 4 2 .333 1–4–2 .200 28 46 L1
Chicago Tigers 2 5 1 .286 1–5–1 .167 49 63 W1
Hammond Pros 2 5 0 .286 0–3–0 .000 41 154 L3
Columbus Panhandles 2 6 2 .250 0–5–0 .000 41 121 W1
Muncie Flyers 0 1 0 .000 0–1–0 .000 0 45 L1
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   Awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup and named APFA Champions.
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.

Postseason and legacy

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Several Pros players celebrating their championship.

As there was no playoff system in the APFA until 1932,[23] a meeting was held to determine the 1920 Champions.[24] Each team that showed up had a vote to determine the champions. Since the Akron Pros never lost a game, the Pros were awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup on April 30, 1921.[25] The trophy was a "silver loving cup", donated by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company.[26] This decision, however, would arise with controversy. The Staleys and the All-Americans each stated that they should win the award because they had more wins and were not beaten by the Akron Pros.[24] Each player from the Pros was also awarded with a golden fob; this was in the shape of a football and inscribed with "1920", "WORLD CHAMPIONS", and each player's first initial and last name.[27] The Pros did not officially celebrate their championship season until the following year. In October 1921, most of the team was invited to the Elks Club of Akron, which was labeled as "a grand homecoming celebration for the world's champions".[15] Fritz Pollard was congratulated during an Akron Merchants Association of Colored Business Men's meeting.[15]

The Pros were the first team in the history of the APFA to complete a non-modern "perfect season". Only four other teams have since accomplished this feat: the 1922 Canton Bulldogs at 10–0–2,[28] the 1923 Canton Bulldogs at 11–0–1,[29] the 1929 Green Bay Packers at 12–0–1,[30] and the 1972 Miami Dolphins at 17–0–0.[31] In 1972, the NFL changed the rules, so ties count as a half-win and a half-loss.[32]

Even though the Pros were given the trophy in 1920, the league lost track of the event, and for a long time published in its own record books that the 1920 championship was undecided.[33] It was not until the 1970s that the NFL discovered this early vote on awarding the Akron Pros the championship.[33]

Awards

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All-Pro

Bruce Copeland, sportswriter for the Rock Island Argus, compiled the All-Pro list for 1920. He used the games played in Rock Island, other newspapers, and his own memory to determine the first-, second-, and third-team All-Pro list. Pro-Football-Reference.com uses this list as the official All-Pro list of 1920.[34] Twenty of the players were from Illinois and thirteen were from Ohio. The Rock Island Independents had the most players on the list (9), and Racine Cardinals had the least (1).[35]

More information Player, Position ...
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Hall of Fame

As of 2012, 10 players have been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame who played in the 1920 APFA season. One non-player, Joseph Carr, the owner of the Columbus Panhandles in the 1920 season and league president from 1921 to 1939, was also elected to the Hall.

More information Name, Team(s) ...
Name
Team(s)
Year
Ref.
Carr, Joseph
Columbus Panhandles
1963 [36]
Chamberlin, Guy
Decatur Staleys
1964
[37]
Conzelman, Jimmy
Decatur Staleys
1964
[38]
Driscoll, Paddy
Racine Cardinals
Decatur Staleys
1965
[39]
Guyon, Joe
Canton Bulldogs
1966
[40]
Halas, George
Decatur Staleys
1963
[41]
Healey, Ed
Rock Island Independents
1964
[42]
Henry, Pete
Canton Bulldogs
1963
[43]
Pollard, Fritz
Akron Pros
2005
[44]
Thorpe, Jim
Canton Bulldogs
1963
[45]
Trafton, George
Decatur Staleys
1964
[46]
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Notes

References

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