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The year 1829 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
- Isaac Holden produces a form of friction match.
- Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet publishes a memoir giving the Dirichlet conditions, showing for which functions the convergence of the Fourier series holds; introducing Dirichlet's test for the convergence of series; the Dirichlet function as an example that not any function is integrable; and, in the proof of the theorem for the Fourier series, the Dirichlet kernel and Dirichlet integral.[1] He also introduces a general modern concept for a function.[2]
- Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky publishes his work on hyperbolic non-Euclidean geometry.[3]
- S. D. Poisson publishes Sur l'attraction des sphéroides.
- Dr Benjamin Guy Babington makes the first known use of a laryngoscope.[4]
- Jules Desnoyers names the Quaternary period.
- Engis 2, part of the skull of a young child and other bones, recognised in 1936 as the first known Neanderthal fossil, is found in the Awirs cave near Engis in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) by Philippe-Charles Schmerling.[5]
- May – Cyrill Demian patents a version of the accordion in Vienna.
- June 30 – Henry Robinson Palmer files a British patent application for corrugated iron for use in buildings.[6]
- July 23 – In the United States, William Burt obtains the first patent for a form of typewriter, the typographer.[7]
- October 6–14 – The Rainhill Trials, a steam locomotive competition, are run in England and won by Stephenson's Rocket.
- December 19 – Charles Wheatstone patents the concertina in Britain.[8]
- William Mann invents the compound air compressor.
- Louis Braille publishes the first description of his method of embossed printing that allows the visually impaired to read.[9]
- Chalmers University of Technology founded in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Technical University of Denmark (originally named 'College of Advanced Technology') founded in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- University of Stuttgart founded in Stuttgart, Germany.
- Ecole Centrale Paris (originally named 'École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures') founded in Paris, France.
- Copley Medal: not awarded[10]
- February 2
- Alfred Brehm (died 1884), German zoologist.
- William Stanley (died 1909), English inventor.
- March 23 – N. R. Pogson (died 1891 in science), English-born astronomer.
- April 28 – Charles Bourseul (died 1912), Belgian-born telegraph engineer.
- April 30 – Ferdinand von Hochstetter (died 1884), German-born geologist.
- July 30 – George Rolleston (died 1881), English physician and zoologist.
- August 13 (O.S. August 1) – Ivan Sechenov (died 1905), "the father of Russian physiology".
- August 23 – Moritz Cantor (died 1920), German historian of mathematics.
- August 24 - Emanuella Carlbeck (died 1901), Swedish pioneer in the education of students with intellectual disability.
- September 7 – August Kekulé (died 1896), German chemist.
- September 30
- Franz Reuleaux (died 1905), German mechanical engineer.
- Joseph Wolstenholme (died 1891), English mathematician.
- October 15 - Asaph Hall (died 1907), American astronomer.
- November 4 - Hanna Hammarström (died 1909), Swedish inventor.
- March 1 – Thomas Earnshaw (born 1749), English watchmaker.
- April 6 – Niels Henrik Abel (born 1802), Norwegian mathematician.
- May 10 – Thomas Young (born 1773), English physicist.
- May 29 – Humphry Davy (born 1778), English chemist.
- June 29 – James Smithson (born 1764), English mineralogist, chemist and benefactor.
- November 14 – Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (born 1763), French chemist.
- October 10 – Maria Elizabetha Jacson (born 1755), English botanist.
- December 28 – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (born 1744), French naturalist.
- undated - Huang Lü, Chinese scientist.
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