1813 in Germany

Events from the year 1813 in Germany.

← 1812 1811 1810 1813 in Germany → 1814 1815 1816
Decades:	1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s
See also:	Other events of 1813 History of Germany  • Timeline  • Years

Incumbents

Kingdoms

• Kingdom of Prussia
  • Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)^[1]
• Kingdom of Bavaria
  • Maximilian I (1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825)
• Kingdom of Saxony
  • Frederick Augustus I (20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827)
• Kingdom of Württemberg
  • Frederick I (22 December 1797 – 30 October 1816)

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Baden
  • Charles 10 June 1811 – 8 December 1818^[2]
• Grand Duke of Hesse
  • Louis I (14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830)^[3]
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  • Frederick Francis I– (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)^[3]
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  • Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)^[4]
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg
  • Wilhelm (6 July 1785 –2 July 1823 ) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[5]
  • Peter I (2 July 1823 - 21 May 1829)^[5]
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  • Karl August (1809–1815)

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe
  • George William (13 February 1787 - 1860)
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • Friedrich Günther (28 April 1807 - 28 June 1867)^[6]
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 - 19 August 1835)
• Principality of Lippe
  • Leopold II (5 November 1802 - 1 January 1851)^[7]
• Principality of Reuss-Greiz
  • Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800-29 January 1817)
• Waldeck and Pyrmont
  • George I (24 September 1812 – 9 September 1813)
  • George II (9 September 1813 - 15 May 1845)

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
  • Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)^[8]
• Duke of Brunswick
  • Frederick William (16 October 1806 – 16 June 1815)^[9]
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick^[3]
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  • Ernest I (9 December 1806 – 12 November 1826)^[10]
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
  • Bernhard II (24 December 1803–20 September 1866)^[11]
• Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  • Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)^[12]

Events

• 9 February – Prussia abolishes the canton system and establishes universal conscription.
• 28 February – Napoleonic Wars: Treaty of Kalisch – Prussia and Russia sign alliance against France
• 4 March – The French garrison evacuates Berlin, leaving Russian troops able to reach and take the city without a fight.
• 14 March – Mecklenburg-Schwerin joins the coalition
• 17 March – Prussia declares war on France, establishes Landwehr and introduces the Iron Cross military award (backdated to 10 March) and issues An Mein Volk proclamation
• 18 March – Russian Cossacks capture Hamburg
• 5 April – Battle of Möckern: Prusso-Russian victory over France
• 20 April – Saxony signs treaty of armed neutrality with Austria
• 21 April – Frederick William III of Prussia establishes the Landsturm
• 25 April – Bavaria announces its neutrality
• 27 April – French garrison of Spandau capitulates
• 2 May – Battle of Lützen – Napoleon wins against the German alliance.
• 20/21 May – Battle of Bautzen – French victory over the coalition
• 26 May – Battle of Haynau – Prussian victory against France
• 31 May – French troops retake Hamburg
• 4 June – Battle of Luckau – Coalition victory
• 4 June – Truce of Pläswitz begins between France, Prussia and Russia
• 14/15/27 June – Treaties of Reichenbach – between Great Britain, Prussia, Russia and Austria
• 12 July – Trachenberg Plan adopted by the Allies
• 11 August – Austria declares war on France
• 16 August – The truce ends
• 23 August – Battle of Großbeeren: Napoleon is defeated by Prussia and Sweden.
• 26 August – Battle of the Katzbach: Napoleon's troops are defeated by Prussia and Russia.
• 26–27 August – Battle of Dresden: Napoleon's troops are victorious.
• 27 August – Battle of Hagelberg: Prusso-Russian victory
• 29–30 August – First Battle of Kulm: French Marshal Vandamme is defeated and captured, by allied Coalition forces from Russia, Prussia and Austria.
• 4 September: In the gaming records of Hans Carl Leopold von der Gabelentz the name of Germany's national card game, "Scat" (now Skat, appears for the time.
• 6 September – Battle of Dennewitz: The armies of Napoleon are defeated by Prussia and Russia.
• 9 September – Treaty of Töplitz – between Prussia, Austria and Russia
• 17 September – Second Battle of Kulm: The Allied Coalition is victorious; Napoleon is forced to halt his advance on Teplitz.
• 18 September – Battle of the Göhrde – Coalition victory
• 28 September – Battle of Altenburg – Coalition victory
• 29 September – Combat of Roßlau – Coalition victory
• 3 October – Battle of Wartenburg – Prussian victory

16–19 October: Battle of Leipzig

• 8 October – Treaty of Ried – Bavaria allies with the Coalition against France
• 14 October – Bavaria declares war on France
• 16–19 October – Battle of Leipzig: Napoleon is defeated by the forces of the Sixth Coalition. More than 600,000 troops are in the field, with well over 20% killed, wounded or missing. Many of the German states forming the Confederation of the Rhine defect from Napoleon to the Coalition, as a result of the battle.
• 26 October – King Jérôme leaves Kassel, effectively dissolving the Kingdom of Westphalia
• 30–31 October – Battle of Hanau: Napoleon defeats Bavarian-Austrian force.
• 2 November – Treaty of Fulda – Württemberg joins the Coalition
• 11 November – French garrison of Dresden capitulates
• 20 November – Baden joins the coalition
• 21 November – William I enters Kassel and is restored as Elector of Hesse
• 23 November – Hesse-Darmstadt and Nassau join the coalition
• 7 December – Battle of Bornhöved
• 8 December – Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7, together with his Wellington's Victory, are premiered in Vienna under the composer's baton, in a benefit concert for Austrian and Bavarian soldiers wounded at the Battle of Hanau.
• 10 December – Battle of Sehested
• 31 December – Blücher's Army of Silesia crosses the Rhine

Births

Richard Wagner

• 11 February – Otto Ludwig, German writer (d. 1865)
• 18 March – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet, playwright (d. 1863)
• 1 April – Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg, German mineralogist (d. 1899)
• 22 May – Richard Wagner, German composer (d. 1883)

Georg Büchner

• 17 October – Georg Büchner, German playwright (d. 1837)

Deaths

• 20 January –Christoph Martin Wieland, German writer (b. 1733)
• 3 April – Friederike Brion, first great love of Johann Wolfgang Goethe (b. 1752)
• 28 June –Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general (b. 1755)
• 26 August – Theodor Körner, German author, soldier (b. 1791)

References

1. Tikkanen, Amy (30 July 2018). "Federick William III". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
2. von Weech, Friedrich. "Karl Ludwig Friedrich". Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). p. Onlinefassung. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
3. Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 38.
4. Huish, Robert (1821). Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third. T. Kelly. p. 170.
5. "Oldenburg Royal Family". Monarchies of Europe. Archived from the original on 17 March 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
6. "Monarchies of Europe". Archived from the original on 14 June 2007.
7. Almanach de Gotha (87th ed.). Justus Perthes. 1850. p. 38.
8. J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
9. Gerhard Schildt: Von der Restauration zur Reichsgründungszeit, in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766.
10. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ernest I." . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 751.
11. "Biografie Georg I (German)". Meininger Museen. Archived from the original on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
12. Albinus, Robert (1985). Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung (in German). Leer: Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. p. 371. ISBN 3-7921-0320-6.