11th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 11th Infantry Division (German: 11. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the Wehrmacht that was initially founded as a cover formation during the Reichswehr era. It was active from 1934 to 1945.

11th Infantry Division
German: 11. Infanterie-Division
Insignia of the 11th Infantry Division
Active	1 October 1934 – 8 May 1945
Country	Nazi Germany
Branch	Army
Type	Infantry
Size	Division
Garrison/HQ	Allenstein
Nickname(s)	Red moose head
Engagements	Mława Operation Barbarossa Narva Bridgehead Narva Auvere Tannenberg Line Courland Pocket
Commanders
Notable commanders	Günther von Niebelschütz Max Bock Herbert von Böckmann Siegfried Thomaschki Karl Burdach Hellmuth Reymann Gerhard Feyerabend
Insignia
Alternate shield

History

The 11th Infantry Division was initially known by the cover name "Infantry Leader I" (German: Infanterieführer I), a military formation founded in Allenstein in October 1934.^[1]: 198f. Several of the Wehrmacht infantry formation were disguised variously as "infantry leader" or "artillery leader" during the time of the Reichswehr, when military restrictions imposed limitations of size on Germany's military.^[2]: 229f. The Reichswehr-era 2nd Infantry Regiment, also previously headquartered at Allenstein, was used to form the personnel of the subsequent 2nd and 23rd regiments of the 11th Division.^[2]: 237 The formation was officially redesignated "11th Infantry Division" on 15 October 1935.^[1]: 198f.

On 18 August 1939, the division was mobilized and equipped with three infantry regiments and an artillery regiment. The infantry regiments were Infantry Regiment 2 (Allenstein), Infantry Regiment 23 (Rastenburg) and Infantry Regiment 44 (Bartenstein); the artillery regiment was Artillery Regiment 11 (Allenstein). Additionally, the division contained the "Division Units 11" for support.^[1]: 198f. The 11th Infantry Division participated in the Invasion of Poland as part of the I Army Corps under 3rd Army. The I Army Corps, next to 11th Infantry Division, also featured the 61st Infantry Division and Panzer Division Kempf.^{[3]: 360–363} In the early morning hours of 1 September 1939, the left flank of I Corps swung in a two-pronged assault towards the Polish stronghold at Mława, bringing about the Battle of Mława.^[4]: 113

After a minor role in the Battle of France, the 11th Infantry Division was initially transferred to the Atlantic Wall until March 1941. It then returned to East Prussia in preparation of Operation Barbarossa,^[5] in which it participated as part of I Corps (along with 1st and 21st Divisions) under the 18th Army of Army Group North.^[6]: 26

In January 1940, the Field Replacement Battalion 11 was detached and converted into the II./364 battalion of 161st Infantry Division in January 1940. In the following month, the II./44 battalion was also detached from the 11th Infantry Division and transferred to 291st Infantry Division as I./506; II./44 was subsequently replenished. In October 1940, a third of the division (including the staff of Regiment 2 and III./3, III./23 and III./44 battalions) was passed off to the newly-formed 126th Infantry Division and were subsequently replenished.^[1]: 198f.

In summer 1942, III./23 battalion was dissolved.^[1]: 198f.

On 2 October 1943, the division was ordered to be restructured into a "Division neuer Art"-type division. III./2 and II./44 battalions were dissolved in January and September 1944, respectively. This left the division with three infantry regiments (now called "Grenadier Regiments") with the same numbers as before, but with two rather than three battalions. Additionally, the division's reconnaissance battalion had been formed into the Division Fusilier Battalion 11.^[1]: 198f.

In 1945, the division was taken prisoner by the Red Army in the Courland Pocket.^[1]: 198f.

Commanders

• Generalleutnant Günther von Niebelschütz: 1 October 1934 – 1 April 1937
• Generalleutnant Max Bock: 1 April 1937 – 23 October 1939
• Generalleutnant Herbert von Böckmann: 23 October 1939 – 26 January 1942
• Generalleutnant Siegfried Thomaschki: 26 January 1942 – 7 September 1943
• Generalleutnant Karl Burdach: 7 September 1943 – 1 April 1944
• Generalleutnant Hellmuth Reymann: 1 April 1944 – 18 November 1944
• Generalmajor Gerhard Feyerabend: 18 November 1944 – 8 May 1945

Subordination and deployment

Superior formations of 11th Infantry Division^[1]: 198f.

Year	Month	Army Corps	Army	Army group	Location
1939	Sep.	I	3rd Army	Army Group North	East Prussia, Poland
	Dec.	Army group reserves		Army Group B	Lower Rhine
1940	Jan./May	Army reserves	6th Army		Lower Rhine, Belgium, Lille
	Jun.	I	4th Army		Somme, Loire
	Jul./Aug.		7th Army		Atlantic coast
	Sep./Oct.	Army reserves
	Nov./Dec.	XXXI		Army Group D
1941	Jan./Feb.
	Mar.	Army reserves	18th Army	Army Group B	East Prussia
	Apr.	I
	May			Army Group C
	Jun./Aug.			Army Group North	East Prussia–Volkhov
	Sep./Nov.		16th Army		Wolchow–Ladoga
	Dec.		18th Army
1942	Jan./Apr.
	May./Dec.	XXVIII
1943	Jan.
	Feb./Sep.	XXVI
	Oct./Dec.	LIV			Leningrad
1944	Jan.
	Feb.	L			Pskov
	Mar./May	XXVI	Narva		Narva
	Jun.	XXXXIII
	Jul./Sep.	III. SS			Narva, Pernau, Riga
	Oct./Nov.	I	18th Army		Courland Pocket
	Dec.	X
1945	Jan.	I
	Feb.	II		Army Group Courland
	Mar./Apr.	L

Insignia

The 11th Infantry Division used two divisional emblems: one showed a red-and-white head of an elk atop a diagonally-divided red-and-white shield, the other showed a solid blue spot within a white square.^[7]: 10