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Euro banknote From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The ten euro note (10 €) is the second-lowest value euro banknote and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002.[8] The note is used in the 25 countries which have it as their sole currency (with 23 legally adopting it); with a population of about 343 million.[9] In July 2024, there were approximately 3 055 000 000 ten euro banknotes in circulation around the eurozone. It is the fourth most widely circulated denomination, accounting for 10.2% of the total banknotes.[10] Estimates suggest that the average life of a ten euro banknote is about 1.5 years before it is replaced due to wear.[11]
| (European Union[1]) | |
|---|---|
| Value | 10 euros |
| Width | 127 mm |
| Height | 67 mm |
| Security features | First series: hologram stripe with perforations, reflective glossy stripe, EURion constellation, watermarks, raised printing, microprinting, ultraviolet ink, security thread, matted surface, see-through number, barcodes and serial number[2] Europa series: portrait watermark, portrait hologram, emerald number[3] |
| Material used | Cotton fiber[2] |
| Years of printing | 1999–2013 (1st series)[4] Since 2013 (Europa series)[4] |
| Obverse | |
.png) | |
| Design | Arch in romanesque architecture[5] |
| Designer | Robert Kalina[6][7] |
| Design date | 13 January 2014[6][7] |
| Reverse | |
.png) | |
| Design | Bridge in romanesque architecture and map of Europe[5] |
| Designer | Robert Kalina[6][7] |
| Design date | 13 January 2014[6][7] |
It is the second-smallest note measuring 127 × 67 mm with a pink colour scheme.[5] The ten euro banknotes depict bridges and arches/doorways in romanesque architecture (between the 11th and 12th centuries). The ten euro note contains several complex security features such as watermarks, invisible ink, holograms and microprinting that document its authenticity.
The euro was founded on 1 January 1999, when it became the currency of over 300 million people in Europe.[4] For the first three years of its existence it was an invisible currency, only used in accountancy. euro cash was not introduced until 1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the countries in eurozone 12, such as the Italian lira and the German mark.[4]
Slovenia joined the eurozone in 2007,[12] Cyprus and Malta in 2008,[13] Slovakia in 2009,[14] Estonia in 2011,[15] Latvia on 1 January 2014,[16] Lithuania on 1 January 2015 and Croatia on 1 January 2023.[17]
The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, going from 1 January 2002 until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state.[4] The earliest date was in Germany, where the mark officially ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2001, though the exchange period lasted for two months more. Even after the old currencies ceased to be legal tender, they continued to be accepted by national central banks for periods ranging from ten years to forever.[4][18]
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Notes printed before November 2003 bear the signature of the first president of the European Central Bank, Wim Duisenberg, who was replaced on 1 November 2003 by Jean-Claude Trichet, whose signature appears on issues from November 2003. Notes issued after March 2012 bear the signature of the third president of the European Central Bank, incumbent Mario Draghi.[5]
A new series, similar to the current one, was released on 23 September 2014.[19] The European Central Bank will, in due time, announce when banknotes from the first series lose legal tender status.[19]
The first series issues do not reflect the expansion of the European Union: Cyprus is not depicted on those notes as the map does not extend far enough east; Malta is also missing as it does not meet the first series' minimum size for depiction.[20]
Since the European Central Bank plans to redesign the notes every seven or eight years after each issue, a second series (Europa series) of banknotes was already in preparation in 2012. New production and anti-counterfeiting techniques are employed on the new notes, but the design is of the same theme and similar colours of the current series; bridges and arches. However, they are recognisable as a new series.[21]
The ten euro note is the second smallest at 127 millimetres (5.0 in) × 67 millimetres (2.6 in) with a red colour scheme.[5] All bank notes depict bridges and arches/doorways in a different historical European style; the ten euro note shows the Romanesque era (between the 11th and 12th centuries).[22] Although Robert Kalina's original designs were intended to show real monuments, for political reasons the bridge and art are merely hypothetical examples of the architectural era.[23]
Like all euro notes, it contains the denomination, the EU flag, the signature of the president of the ECB and the initials of said bank in different EU languages, a depiction of EU territories overseas, the stars from the EU flag and twelve security features as listed below.[5]
As a lower value note, the security features of the ten euro note are not as high as the other denominations, however, it is protected by:
The European Central Bank is closely monitoring the circulation and stock of the euro coins and banknotes. It is a task of the eurosystem to ensure an efficient and smooth supply of euro notes and to maintain their integrity throughout the euro area.[28]
In December 2023, there were 3 077 244 980 ten euro banknotes in circulation around the eurozone.[28] for 30 772 449 800 €.
This is a net number, i.e. the number of banknotes issued by the eurosystem central banks, without further distinction as to who is holding the currency issued, thus also including the stocks held by credit institutions.
Besides the date of the introduction of the first set to January 2002, the publication of figures is more significant through the maximum number of banknotes raised each year. The number is higher the end of the year, except for this note in 2002.
The figures are as follows (3 Nov., 2017):
| Date | Banknotes | € Value | Date | Banknotes | € Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 2002 | 1,999,737,481 | 19,997,374,810 | December 2008 | 2,029,872,213 | 20,298,722,130 |
| December 2003 | 1,684,604,749 | 16,846,047,490 | December 2009 | 2,042,277,282 | 20,422,772,820 |
| December 2004 | 1,700,450,847 | 17,004,508,470 | December 2010 | 2,039,265,727 | 20,392,657,270 |
| December 2005 | 1,761,362,710 | 17,613,627,100 | December 2011 | 2,072,931,644 | 20,729,316,440 |
| December 2006 | 1,900,510,721 | 19,005,107,210 | December 2012 | 2,170,679,774 | 21,706,797,740 |
| December 2007 | 1,965,455,883 | 19,654,558,830 | December 2013 | 2,155,551,029 | 21,555,510,290 |
In September 2014, a new 'Europe' series was issued.
The first series of notes were issued in conjunction with those for a few weeks in the series 'Europe' until existing stocks are exhausted, then gradually withdrawn from circulation. Both series thus run parallel but the proportion tends inevitably to a sharp decrease in the first series.
| Date | Banknotes | € Value | Series '1' remainder | € Value | Proportion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 2014 | 2,244,302,134 | 22,443,021,340 | 1,361,256,964 | 13,612,569,640 | 60.7% |
| December 2015 | 2,325,766,992 | 23,257,669,920 | 605,953,384 | 6,059,533,840 | 26.1% |
| December 2016 | 2,387,340,411 | 23,873,404,110 | 435,990,864 | 4,359,908,640 | 18.3% |
| December 2017 | 2,504,086,915 | 25,040,869,150 | 360,166,544 | 3,601,665,440 | 14.4% |
| December 2018 | 2,629,767,998 | 26,297,679,980 | 318,176,885 | 3,181,768,850 | 12.1% |
| December 2019 | 2,752,030,608 | 27,520,306,080 | 305,435,695 | 3,054,356,950 | 11.1% |
| December 2020 | 2,831,279,179 | 28,312,791,790 | 286,827,750 | 2,868,277,500 | 10.1% |
| December 2021 | 2,899,677,558 | 28,996,775,580 | 277,991,976 | 2,779,919,760 | 9.6% |
| December 2022 | 3,009,540,842 | 30,095,408,420 | 261,175,059 | 2,611,750,590 | 8.7% |
| December 2023 | 3,077,244,980 | 30,772,449,800 | 246,231,674 | 2,462,316,740 | 8.0% |
The latest figures provided by the ECB are the following :
| Date | Banknotes | € Value | Series '1' remainder | € Value | Proportion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 2024 | 3,055,297,759 | 30,552,977,590 | 216,209,228 | 2,162,092,280 | 7.1% |
Legally, both the European Central Bank and the central banks of the eurozone countries have the right to issue the 7 different euro banknotes. In practice, only the national central banks of the zone physically issue and withdraw euro banknotes. The European Central Bank does not have a cash office and is not involved in any cash operations.[4]
There are several communities of people at European level, most of which is EuroBillTracker,[29] that, as a hobby, it keeps track of the euro banknotes that pass through their hands, to keep track and know where they travel or have traveled.[29] The aim is to record as many notes as possible to know details about its spread, like from where and to where they travel in general, follow it up, like where a ticket has been seen in particular, and generate statistics and rankings, for example, in which countries there are more tickets.[29] EuroBillTracker has registered over 155 million notes as of May 2016,[30] worth more than 2.897 billion euros.[30]
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