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ZAP70
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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ZAP-70 (Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70) is a protein normally expressed near the surface membrane of lymphocytes (T cells, natural killer cells, and a subset of B cells).[5] It is most prominently known to be recruited upon antigen binding to the T cell receptor (TCR), and it plays a critical role in T cell signaling.
ZAP-70 was initially discovered in TCR-stimulated Jurkat cells, an immortal line of human T lymphocytes, in 1991.[6] Its molecular weight is 70 kDa, and it is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase family and is a close homolog of SYK. SYK and ZAP70 share a common evolutionary origin and split from a common ancestor in the jawed vertebrates. [7] The importance of ZAP-70 in T cell activation was determined when comparing ZAP-70 expression in patients with SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency).[6] ZAP-70 deficient individuals were found to have no functioning T cells in their peripheral blood, suggesting that ZAP-70 is a critical component of T cell activation and development.[6]
ZAP-70 expression in B cells is correlated with the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).