Xylometazoline
Nasal decongestant / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Xylometazoline, also spelled xylomethazoline, is a medication used to reduce symptoms of nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis.[2] Use is not recommended for more than seven days.[3] Use is also not recommended in those less than three months of age and some say not less than 6 years of age.[3][4] It is used directly in the nose as a spray or drops.[3]
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Pronunciation | /ˌzaɪloʊˌmɛtəˈzoʊliːn/ ZY-lo-MET-ə-ZOH-leen |
Trade names | Otrivin, Otrivine, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a608026 |
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Dependence liability | Moderate[1] |
Routes of administration | intranasal (spray or drops) |
Drug class | α1 and α2 Adrenergic receptor agonist, Decongestant |
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Elimination half-life | >10 seconds |
Excretion | Urinary |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.629 |
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Formula | C16H24N2 |
Molar mass | 244.382 g·mol−1 |
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Side effects include trouble sleeping, irritation of the nose, nausea, nosebleed (3%), period pain (10%) and headache (3%).[5][2][3] Long term use (> 10 days) is not recommended due to a rhinitis medicamentosa when stopped.[5][6] Use is not recommended during pregnancy.[2] Xylometazoline is in the decongestant and alpha-adrenergic agonist families of medication.[6][7]
One study classified it with selectivity ratios in alpha 2 adrenergic receptors of 151 for a2A vs a2B, 4.5 a2A vs a2C, and 33.9 a2B vs a2C. Making it a highly selective a2A agonist.[8]
Xylometazoline was patented in 1956 and came into medical use in 1959.[9][10] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4][11] Xylometazoline is available as a generic medication.[3]