X Corps (Ottoman Empire)

The X Corps of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: 10 ncu Kolordu or Onuncu Kolordu) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.

X Corps Onuncu Kolordu
Active	1911–
Country	Ottoman Empire
Type	Corps
Garrison/HQ	Erzincan, Sivas
Patron	Ottoman Sultan
Engagements	Battle of Şarköy (First Balkan War) Caucasus Campaign (World War I) Battle of Sarikamish
Commanders
Notable commanders	Mirliva Ziya Pasha Miralay Hafiz Hakki Bey Mirliva Yusuf Izzet Pasha (November 1914-1916[1])

Formation

Order of Battle, 1911

With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the X Corps was headquartered in Erzincan. The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such:^[2]

• X Corps, Erzincan
  • 30th Infantry Division, Erzincan
    • 88th Infantry Regiment, Erzincan
    • 89th Infantry Regiment, Erzincan
    • 90th Infantry Regiment, Erzincan
    • 30th Rifle Battalion, Yemen
    • 30th Field Artillery Regiment, Erzincan
    • 30th Division Band, Erzincan
  • 31st Infantry Division, Erzincan
    • 91st Infantry Regiment, Siirt
    • 92nd Infantry Regiment, Bitlis
    • 93rd Infantry Regiment, Sivas
    • 31st Rifle Battalion, Erzincan
    • 31st Division Band, Erzincan
  • 32nd Infantry Division, Ma'murat-ül Aziz
    • 94th Infantry Regiment, Diyâr-ı Bekir
    • 95th Infantry Regiment, Ma'murat-ül Aziz
    • 96th Infantry Regiment, Dersim
    • 32nd Rifle Battalion, Erzıncan
    • 32nd Field Artillery Regiment, Erzincan
    • 32nd Division Band, Ma'murat-ül Aziz
• Units of IX Corps
• 19th Cavalry Regiment, Erzincan
• 20th Cavalry Regiment, Diyâr-ı Bekir
• 9th Engineer Battalion, Erzincan
• 9th Transport Battalion, Erzincan
• Medical Detachment, Erzincan

Balkan Wars

Order of Battle, January 7, 1913

On January 7, 1913, the Provisional X Corps was structured as follows:^[3]

• X Corps
  • 31st Division
  • 32nd Division
  • Mamuretülaziz Redif Division
  • 30th Field Artillery Regiment
  • Independent Schneider Artillery Battalion
  • Mountain Howitzer Battalion
  • 5th Cavalry Regiment
  • Tribal Cavalry Division
  • Trains and Ammunition Columns

Order of Battle, March 25, 1913

On March 25, 1913, the corps was structured as follows:^[4]

• X Corps (Thrace, under the command of the Chataldja Army)
  • 4th Division, 31st Division
  • Amasya Redif Division
  • Independent Cavalry Brigade

Order of Battle, July 1913

• X Corps (Gallipoli Army)
  • 4th Division, 31st Division, Aziz Infantry Division

World War I

Order of Battle, August 1914, November 1914, ate April 1915, Late Summer 1915, January 1916, August 1916

In November 1914, Late April 1915, Late Summer 1915, January 1916, August 1916, the corps was structured as follows:^[5]

• X Corps (Caucasus)
  • 30th Division, 31st Division, 32nd Division

Sources

1. T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 69. (in Turkish)
2. Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 380.
3. Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 260.
4. Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 287.
5. Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 38, 43, 86, 109, 126, 134.