Women in film
Women involved in the film industry / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Women are involved in the film industry in all roles, including as film directors, actresses, cinematographers, film producers, film critics, and other film industry professions, though women have been underrepresented in creative positions.
The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (January 2016) |
Most English-language academic study and media coverage focus on the issue in the US film industry (Hollywood), although inequalities also exist in other countries.[1][2] This underrepresentation has been called the "celluloid ceiling", a variant on the employment discrimination term "glass ceiling".
Women have always had a presence in film acting, but have consistently been underrepresented, and on average significantly less well paid.[3][4] On the other hand, many key roles in filmmaking were for many decades done almost entirely by men, such as directors and cinematographers. For instance, the title of 'auteur' is typically administered to men, even with women auteurs persevering and growing beside them.[5] In more recent times, women have made inroads and made contributions to many of these fields.[6]