War of Attrition
1967–70 war between Israel and Egypt / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The War of Attrition (Arabic: حرب الاستنزاف, romanized: Ḥarb al-Istinzāf; Hebrew: מלחמת ההתשה, romanized: Milḥemet haHatashah) involved fighting between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and their allies from 1967 to 1970.
War of Attrition | |||||||
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Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict and the Cold War | |||||||
The Israeli–Egyptian war of Attrition was centered largely on the Suez Canal. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Israel |
PLO Jordan Syria[3] Cuba | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Zalman Shazar Levi Eshkol Yigal Allon Haim Bar-Lev Ariel Sharon Uzi Narkiss Mordechai Hod Shlomo Erell Avraham Botzer |
Gamal Abdel Nasser King Hussein Zaid ibn Shaker Amer Khammash Yasser Arafat Abu Iyad | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
275,000 (including reserves) |
Egyptian: 200,000 Soviet: 10,700–15,000[4] Jordanian: 15,000[5] PLO: 900–1,000[6][7] | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
694[8]–1,424[9] soldiers killed 227 civilians killed[8] 2,659 wounded, from this 999 at the Egyptian front[8] 24[10]–30[11] aircraft |
Egypt: 2,882[12]–10,000[10] soldiers and civilians killed 6,285 wounded[13] 60[11]–114[14] aircraft lost PLO: 1,828 killed 2,500 captured[15] Jordan: 300 killed[16] 4 captured 30 tanks Soviet Union: 58+ dead[17] 5 aircraft Cuba: 180 dead 250 wounded[18] Syria: 500 killed[16] |
Following the 1967 Six-Day War, no serious diplomatic efforts were made to resolve the issues at the heart of the Arab–Israeli conflict. The 1967 Arab League summit formulated in September the "three no's" policy, barring peace, recognition, or negotiations with Israel.[19] Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser believed that only military initiative would compel Israel or the international community to facilitate a full Israeli withdrawal from Sinai,[20][21] and hostilities soon resumed along the Suez Canal.
These initially took the form of limited artillery duels and small-scale incursions into Sinai, but by 1969, the Egyptian Army judged itself prepared for larger-scale operations. On March 8, 1969, Nasser proclaimed the official launch of the War of Attrition, characterized by large-scale shelling along the Suez Canal, extensive aerial warfare and commando raids.[20][22] Hostilities continued until August 1970 and ended with a ceasefire.[23] The frontiers remained the same as when the war began, with no real commitment to serious peace negotiations.