Utamaro and His Five Women

Utamaro and His Five Women a.k.a. Five Women Around Utamaro (Japanese: 歌麿をめぐる五人の女, Hepburn: Utamaro o meguru gonin no onna) is a 1946 Japanese historical drama film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi.^[1][2][3] It is based on the novel of the same title by Kanji Kunieda, itself a fictionalized account of the life of famous printmaker Kitagawa Utamaro.

Utamaro and His Five Women
Directed by	Kenji Mizoguchi
Written by	Yoshikata Yoda (screenplay) Kanji Kunieda (novel)
Starring	Minosuke Bandō Kinuyo Tanaka Kōtarō Bandō Hiroko Kawasaki Toshiko Iizuka
Cinematography	Minoru Miki
Edited by	Shintarō Miyamoto
Music by	Tamezō Mochizuki Hisato Ōsawa
Production company	Shochiku
Distributed by	Shochiku
Release date	December 1946 (1946-12) (Japan) [a]
Running time	95 minutes[b]
Country	Japan
Language	Japanese

Synopsis

Edo (now Tōkyō) in the 18th century. During a parade of samurai and their families and concubines, Seinosuke Koide, a samurai and artist affiliated to a Kanō school master, visits a print shop where he sees a woodcut print by Utamaro that boasts the superiority of his ukiyo-e style over the prevailing Chinese style. Enraged, he goes searching for Utamaro, announcing to teach him a lesson or even kill him. Utamaro, although having been warned, meets Koide in a tea-house where he proposes a painting contest instead of a samurai-like sword duel, to which his pursuer agrees. Koide subsequently acknowledges Utamaro's superiority and declares him the winner, following him as a disciple.

Utamaro hears that Edo's best tattoo artist lacks the confidence to draw on the back of courtesan Orui, who is famous for her beauty. He asks her permission to paint directly onto her back for the tattoo artist to then tattoo over, which she proudly accepts. Shozaburo, son of a wholesaler, falls in love with Orui and elopes with her to the countryside, leaving behind his fiancée Okita, who was once a model for Utamaro.

Utamaro goes to a lake-side with his friends and spies Oran, the beautiful daughter of a commoner, amongst a group of bathing girls. He takes her to be his new model. Later, he is sentenced to 50 days in handcuffs for a series of prints on Toyotomi Hideyoshi which offended the officials.

Okita tracks down Shozaburo and Orui and takes him back to Edo, but later discovers he is still seeing Orui. She stabs both to death, then goes to Utamaro's house explaining that, although she knows she will face capital punishment for the crime, she had to be true to her own feelings. Utamaro has eventually his handcuffs removed and instantly returns to drawing. The film ends with a collection of his most famous prints falling one by one in front of the camera.

Cast

• Minosuke Bandō – Utamaro
• Kōtarō Bandō – Seinosuke Koide
• Shotaro Nakamura – Shozaburo
• Kinuyo Tanaka – Okita, Shozaburo's fiancée
• Eiko Ohara – Yukie, Seinosuke's fiancée
• Toshiko Iizuka – Orui, the tattooed courtesan
• Hiroko Kawasaki – Oran, the daughter of a commoner
• Kiniko Shiratao – Oshin, the brothel keeper

Background

Utamaro and His Five Women was made during the seven-year Allied occupation of Japan which followed World War II and capitulation of Japan. At the time, film production was overseen by representatives of the occupation forces, and jidaigeki (period films) were rarely made, as they were seen as being inherently nationalistic or militaristic.^[6][7] In order to receive permittance to make the film, Mizoguchi argued that Utamaro was "a popular democratic painter"^[8] and agreed to emphasize the topic of female emancipation.^[9]

Though Utamaro and His Five Women is based on the life of Kitagawa Utamaro, it has frequently been viewed as an autobiographical work by critics.^[6][7] In her 2003 article for Senses of Cinema, Freda Freiberg wrote: "The equation Utamaro=Mizoguchi has been irresistible to most critics as the two artists did have a lot in common. Both of them worked in a popular mass-produced medium operated by businessmen, and chafed under oppressive censorship regimes; both frequented the pleasure quarters and sought the company of geishas; but, most significantly, they both achieved fame for their portraits of women."^[6]

Critical reception

Initially, Japanese critics believed that the film didn't live up to the director's usual high standards, an opinion which was in parts re-evaluated in later years.^[6] The reviews by contemporary Western critics collected on Rotten Tomatoes regard Utamaro and His Five Women as an interesting, though not major work by Mizoguchi.^[10] Film scholar Alexander Jacoby called it the "mellowest work" the director made during the Occupation years.^[11] In his review for Time Out, Tony Rayns rated it as "less emotional, more formalised, more mysterious, and a great deal more daring aestethically" than Mizoguchi's later films.^[12]

See also

• Kōmei Bijin Rokkasen, a series of prints by Utamaro depicting women of Edo's pleasure district

Notes

1. Shochiku Co.^[1] and the Japanese Movie Database^[2] list 15 December 1946 as release date, Kinenote 17 December 1946.^[3]
2. Both the Japanese Movie Database^[2] and the Kinenote website^[3] list a running time of 74 minutes. Contrary to this, the National Film Archive of Japan gives a running time of 95 minutes,^[4] which is identical with the running time of the Blu-ray version released by Artificial Eye in 2012.^[5]

References

1. "歌麿をめぐる五人の女 (Utamaro and His Five Women)" (in Japanese). Shochiku Co. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
2. "歌麿をめぐる五人の女 (Utamaro and His Five Women)" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
3. "歌麿をめぐる五人の女 (Utamaro and His Five Women)" (in Japanese). Kinenote. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
4. "歌麿をめぐる五人の女 (Utamaro and His Five Women)". National Film Archive of Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved 6 May 2022.
5. "The Mizoguchi Collection". DVD Beaver. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
6. Freiberg, Freda (March 2003). "Utamaro and his Five Women". Senses of Cinema. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
7. "The Best Japanese Film of Every Year – From 1925 to Now". British Film Institute. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
8. Phillips, Alastair; Stringer, Julian, eds. (2007). Japanese Cinema: Texts and Contexts. London and New York: Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 9780415328470.
9. Hirano, Kyoko (1992). Mr. Smith Goes to Tokyo: Japanese Cinema Under the American Occupation, 1945–1952. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 97. ISBN 1-56098-157-1.
10. "Utamaro and His Five Women". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
11. Jacoby, Alexander (2008). Critical Handbook of Japanese Film Directors: From the Silent Era to the Present Day. Berkeley: Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 978-1-933330-53-2.
12. Time Out Film Guide (Seventh Edition 1999 ed.). Penguin Books. 1998. p. 302.

External links

• Utamaro and His Five Women at IMDb