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Personality disorder / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rejection sensitive dysphoria (RSD) is a form of emotional dysregulation primarily associated with attention hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it is not exclusive to ADHD.
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RSD is not a formal diagnosis
Fixing biased/overly represented HLPD article
Haltlose personality disorder | |
---|---|
Other names | – Willenloser Psychopath[1][2][3] - Unstable psychopath[4] - Unstable drifter[5][6][7] - Disinhibited Personality[8] |
Specialty | Psychiatry |
Usual onset | Early adulthood[9] |
Duration | Long term |
Causes | – Maternal indolence (proposed)[10] - Childhood institutionalization (proposed)[10] - Parental rejection (proposed)[11] - Hereditary predisposition through the mother (proposed)[12][13] |
Risk factors | Parental neglect[10] Maternal alcoholism[14] |
Diagnostic method | Based on reported symptoms Symptoms can be tested using TCI and ZKPQ[15] |
Differential diagnosis | - ADHD[16] - Asthenic PD[17] - Delayed maturity[18] - Simplex or Disorganized schizophrenia[18][19] - Epilepsy (When Haltlose is combined with alcoholism)[20][21] -Dependant PD[22] |
Prognosis | – "Particularly unfavorable" regarding long-term decline[23] - Can be controlled by external influence[24][25][18] - Although ideation and threats are common, typically lack the courage to commit suicide.[26] - Normal intelligence[27] |
Frequency | Equal representation between males and females[13] |
Haltlose psychopathy was one of the initial seven forms of psychopathy characterized in the 18th century by Emil Kraepelin and later psychiatrists. It was of particular interest to forensic psychiatrists and criminologists as it and Gemütlose psychopathy were considered the only two psychopathies that "had high levels of criminal behavior" without external influence, and thus made up the minority of psychopaths who are "virtually doomed to commit crimes" by virtue only of their own constitution. It was said to affect individuals are said to possess psychopathic traits built upon short-sighted selfishness[21] and irresponsible hedonism, combined with an inability to anchor one's identity to a future or past.[28][29] The symptoms of the disorder are characterized by a lack of inhibition.[30]
They were characterized as Dégénérés supérieurs,[13] demonstrating normal or heightened intellect but degraded moral standards.[31] Of the ten types of psychopaths defined by Schneider, only the Gemütlose (compassionless) and the Haltlose "had high levels of criminal behavior" without external influence, and thus made up the minority of psychopaths who are "virtually doomed to commit crimes" by virtue only of their own constitution.[32]
It is not a term in regular use today, but was used to describe what is today known as Anti-Social Personality Disorder.
Described by Emil Kraepelin and Gustav Aschaffenburg in the early twentieth century,[33][34][35] and further distinguished by Karl Jaspers, Eugen and Manfred Bleuler, haltlose personality disorder has been colloquially dubbed psychopathy with an "absence of intent or lack of will".[3]
With other hyperthymics, Haltlose personalities were considered to make up "the main component of serious crime",[36] and are studied as one of the strains of psychopathy relevant to criminology[37][38][39] as they are "very easily involved in the criminal history"[40] and may become aggressors[4][41] or homicidal.[42] This form of psychopathy has been said to be difficult to identify, as a shallow sense of conformity is always present.[20][verification needed] A 2020 characterization of mental illnesses concluded that patients with haltlose personality disorder require rigid oversight and mentorship "vigilant control, leadership, authoritarian mentor, encouragement and behavior correction" to avoid an idle lifestyle, involvement in antisocial groups, crime and substance abuse.[43] The marked tendencies towards suggestibility are off-set by demonstrations of "abnormal rigidity and intransigence and firmness".[44]
After discovering a guilty conscience due to some act or omission they have committed, "they then live under constant fear of the consequences of their action or inaction, fear of something bad that might strike them" in stark opposition to their apparent carelessness or hyperthymic temperament,[45] which is itself frequently a subconscious reaction to overwhelming fear.[9] They frequently withdraw from society.[46] Given their tendency to "exaggerate, to embroider their narratives, to picture themselves in ideal situations, to invent stories",[26] this fear then manifests as being "apt to blame others for their offences, frequently seeking to avoid responsibility for their actions".[47] They do not hold themselves responsible for their failed life, instead identifying as an ill-treated martyr.[21]
Frequently changing their determined goals,[9] a haltlose psychopath is "constantly looking for an external hold, it doesn't really matter whether they join occult or fascist movements".[48] The ability to moderate external influence was considered one of three characteristics necessary to form an overall personality, thus leaving Haltlose patients without a functional personality of their own.[49] A study of those with haltlose personality disorder concludes "In all of those cases, the result was a continuous social decline that ended in asocial-parasitic existence or an antisocial-criminal life".[32][50][51]
Haltlose has one of the most unfavorable prognoses of psychopathies.[52] To exist safely, such a psychopath requires "a harsh lifestyle" and constant supervision.[53]