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Chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+. It is a neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death.[1]
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridin-1-ium | |
Other names
Cyperquat; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider |
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EC Number |
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MeSH | 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium |
PubChem CID |
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UNII | |
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Properties | |
C12H12N+ | |
Molar mass | 170.25 g/mol |
Appearance | White to beige powder |
10 mg/mL | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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MPP+ arises in the body as the toxic metabolite of the closely related compound MPTP. MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP+ by the enzyme MAO-B, ultimately causing parkinsonism in primates by killing certain dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. The ability for MPP+ to induce Parkinson's disease has made it an important compound in Parkinson's research since this property was discovered in 1983.[2] [3]
The chloride salt of MPP+ found use in the 1970s as an herbicide under the trade name cyperquat.[3] Though no longer in use as an herbicide, cyperquat's closely related structural analog paraquat still finds widespread usage, raising some safety concerns.