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Overview of the demographics of New Zealand / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Demographics of {{{place}}} | |
---|---|
Population | 5,223,100 (Stats NZ June 2023 estimate) |
Density | 19.5/km2 (50.5/sq mi) |
Growth rate | 2.1% (Stats NZ projection)[1] |
Birth rate | 12.43 per 1000 pop.[2] |
Death rate | 6.95 per 1000 pop.[2] |
Life expectancy | |
• male | 79.9 years[3] |
• female | 83.4 years[3] |
Fertility rate | 1.81 births per woman[2] |
Infant mortality rate | 3.87 per 1000 live births[2] |
Net migration rate | 14.72 per 1000 pop.[1] |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 19.6%[1] |
15–64 years | 65.5%[1] |
65 and over | 14.9%[1] |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 0.97 males/female[1] |
Under 15 | 1.05 males/female[1] |
15–64 years | 0.97 males/female[1] |
65 and over | 0.87 males/female[1] |
Nationality | |
Nationality | New Zealander |
Major ethnic | European 71.8%[4] |
Minor ethnic |
|
Language | |
Spoken |
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The demographics of New Zealand encompass the gender, ethnic, religious, geographic, and economic backgrounds of the 5 million people living in New Zealand. New Zealanders, informally known as "Kiwis", predominantly live in urban areas on the North Island. The five largest cities are Auckland (with approximately one-third of the country's population), Christchurch (in the South Island, the largest island of the New Zealand archipelago), Wellington, Hamilton, and Tauranga. Few New Zealanders live on New Zealand's smaller islands. Waiheke Island (near Auckland) is easily the most populated smaller island with 9,420 residents, while Great Barrier Island, the Chatham and Pitt Islands, and Stewart Island each have populations below 1,000. New Zealand is part of a realm and most people born in the realm's external territories of Tokelau, the Ross Dependency, the Cook Islands and Niue are entitled to New Zealand passports.
As at the 2018 census, the majority of New Zealand's population is of European descent (70 percent), with the indigenous Māori being the largest minority (16.5 percent), followed by Asians (15.3 percent), and non-Māori Pacific Islanders (9.0 percent).[4] This is reflected in immigration, with most new migrants coming from Britain and Ireland, although the numbers from Asia in particular are increasing. Auckland is the most ethnically diverse region in New Zealand with 43.0 percent identifying as Europeans, 28.5 percent as Asian, 11 percent as Māori, 15.5 percent as Pacific Islanders, and 2 percent as Middle Eastern, Latin American or African (MELAA).[6] Compared to the diversity of the population as a whole, the population aged under 18 years is considerably more ethnically diverse.[7]
English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language are the official languages, with English predominant. New Zealand English is mostly non-rhotic and sounds similar to Australian English, with a common exception being the centralisation of the short i. The Māori language has undergone a process of revitalisation and is spoken by 4 percent of the population. New Zealand has an adult literacy rate of 99 percent and over half of the population aged 15–29 hold a tertiary qualification.[clarification needed] In the adult population 14.2 percent have a bachelor's degree or higher, 30.4 percent have some form of secondary qualification as their highest qualification and 22.4 percent have no formal qualification. As at the 2018 census, 37 percent of the population identify as Christians, with Hinduism and Buddhism being the largest minority religions; almost half of the population (48.5 percent) is irreligious.[4]
Farming is a major occupation in New Zealand, although more people are employed as sales assistants. Most New Zealanders earn wage or salary income, with a median personal income in 2013 of NZ$28,500.[8]