User:Mr. Ibrahem/Tricuspid insufficiency
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tricuspid insufficiency (TI), also known as tricuspid regurgitation (TR), is a type of valvular heart disease in which there is backward flow of blood from the right ventricle, through the tricuspid valve, into the right atrium, when the heart contracts.[1] Early on few symptoms may be present.[1] Later on heart failure may develop with peripheral swelling, liver enlargement, and ascites.[1] Other complications may include atrial fibrillation.[1]
Tricuspid insufficiency | |
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Other names | Tricuspid regurgitation |
Diagram of the heart with a black arrow showing the location and direction of the abnormal blood flow | |
Specialty | Cardiology |
Symptoms | Few symptoms initially, may develop peripheral swelling, liver enlargement, ascites[1] |
Complications | Heart failure, atrial fibrillation[1] |
Causes | Pulmonary hypertension, infective endocarditis, hyperthyroidism, Ebstein anomaly, rheumatic heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, connective tissue disorder, lupus, pulmonary valve stenosis, certain medications such as fenfluramine[1] |
Diagnostic method | Suspected based on a systolic murmur, confirmed by echocardiogram[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Mitral regurgitation |
Treatment | Furosemide, surgery[1] |
Prognosis | Generally good[1] |
Frequency | Relatively common[1] |
Causes include dilation of the right ventricle, such as from pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, or after a heart attack.[2] Other causes include infective endocarditis, hyperthyroidism, Ebstein anomaly, rheumatic heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, connective tissue disorder, lupus, pulmonary valve stenosis, and certain medications such as fenfluramine.[1] The diagnosis may be suspected based on a systolic murmur and confirmed by an ultrasound of the heart.[1]
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the severity.[1] In those with left-sided heart failure furosemide and salt restriction may be recommended.[1] Tricuspid valve surgery may be recommended in those with severe disease with significant symptoms or when repairing other valves.[1] In cases were the valve is infected it may be removed without immediate replacement.[1] Outcomes are generally good.[1]
Triscuspid insufficiency is relatively common.[1] The percentage of people newly affected per year is about 0.9% in the United States.[1] Males and females are affected equally frequently.[1] Surgery to replace the tricuspid valve was first described in 1963.[3]