User:Mr. Ibrahem/Risperidone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic.[2] It is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism.[2] It is taken either by mouth or by injection into a muscle.[2] The injectable version is long-acting and lasts for about two weeks.[3] When the unpublished literature is included, benefits are lower and harms are greater than when only the published literature is looked at.[4]
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Trade names | Risperdal, others[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a694015 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth (tablets and liquid form), intramuscular injection |
Drug class | Atypical antipsychotic[2] |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 70% (by mouth)[2] |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP2D6 mediated to 9-hydroxyrisperidone)[2] |
Elimination half-life | 20 hours (by mouth), 3–6 days (IM)[2] |
Excretion | Urinary (70%) feces (14%)[2] |
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Formula | C23H27FN4O2 |
Molar mass | 410.493 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, dizziness, trouble seeing, constipation, and increased weight.[2][5] Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, as well as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, an increased risk of suicide, and high blood sugar levels.[2][3] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia, it may increase the risk of dying.[2] It is unknown if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[2] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear, but is believed to be related to its action as a dopamine antagonist and serotonin antagonist.[2]
Study of risperidone began in the late 1980s and it was approved for sale in the United States in 1993.[2][6][7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] It is available as a generic medication.[3] The wholesale price in the developing world is between US$0.01 and US$0.60 per day as of 2014[update].[9] The cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is between US$100−200 as of 2015[update].[3] In 2020, it was the 138th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.[10][11]