User:Mr. Ibrahem/Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a disease of heart muscle in which the ventricles do not appropriately relax and fill despite relatively normal contraction.[4][3] Symptoms may vary from a decreased ability to exercise, to new onset atrial fibrillation, to heart failure.[2] In some sudden cardiac arrest is the first indication of the disease.[2] Other complications may include liver failure and blood clots.[2]
Restrictive cardiomyopathy | |
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Other names | Obliterative cardiomyopathy, infiltrative cardiomyopathy, constrictive cardiomyopathy[1] |
Micrograph of cardiac amyloidosis, a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Congo red stain. | |
Specialty | Cardiology |
Symptoms | Decreased ability to exercise, palpitations, shortness of breath, leg swelling[2][3] |
Complications | Liver failure, blood clots[2] |
Causes | Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, Loeffler endocarditis, storage diseases, diabetes, scleroderma, radiation therapy, certain medications, cancer[2] |
Diagnostic method | Electrocardiogram (ECG), ultrasound of the heart, endomyocardial biopsy[2] |
Differential diagnosis | Constrictive pericarditis, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[2] |
Treatment | Based on symptoms and the underlying cause[2] |
Prognosis | Life expectancy 2 to 5 years[2] |
Frequency | Rare[2] |
The most common causes are amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, and Loeffler endocarditis.[2] Other causes include storage diseases, diabetes, scleroderma, radiation therapy, certain medications, and cancer.[2] Diagnosis may be supported by electrocardiogram (ECG), ultrasound of the heart, and endomyocardial biopsy.[2]
There is no cure.[2] Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and measures to improve heart failure.[2] Heart failure may be treated with diuretics such as furosemide, calcium channel blockers, or beta blockers.[2] For sarcoidosis, antiarrhythmics and immunosuppressants are also commonly used.[2] Hemochromatosis may be treated with removal of blood.[2] In certain cases a heart transplant may be an option.[2]
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is relatively rare.[2] It represents about 5% of cardiomyopathy cases with the hypertrophic and dilated types being more common.[2] Life expectancy follow diagnosis is generally 2 to 5 years.[2] Cases of RCM were described in the the 1930s.[5] Cardiomyopathy; however, was not divided into its three main groups until 1961.[1]