User:Mr. Ibrahem/Renal artery stenosis
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the narrowing of one or both of the arteries to the kidneys.[3] Early on there are typically no symptoms, while later high blood pressure or kidney problems may occur.[3] The blood pressure may be difficult to treat.[2] Complications may include chronic kidney disease, stroke, and coronary artery disease.[3]
Renal artery stenosis | |
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Other names | Renovascular hypertension, renal hypertension[1] |
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Diagram of renal artery stenosis | |
Specialty | Nephrology |
Symptoms | Difficult to treat high blood pressure[2] |
Complications | Chronic kidney disease, stroke, coronary artery disease[3] |
Causes | Atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia[3] |
Risk factors | High cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, inactivity, family history[3] |
Diagnostic method | Medical imaging[3] |
Differential diagnosis | Malignant hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrosclerosis[2] |
Treatment | Lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery.[3] |
Medication | ACE inhibitors[3] |
Frequency | 1 to 10% of people with high blood pressure[2] |
About 90% of cases are due to atherosclerosis.[3] Other causes include fibromuscular dysplasia, vasculitis, AAA, and arterial dissection.[3][2] Risk factors for atherosclerosis include high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, inactivity, and family history.[3] Diagnosis is generally by ultrasound or CT scan.[2]
Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery.[3] Medications used may include ACE inhibitors.[3] Often multiple blood pressure medications; however, are required.[3] If this is not sufficient angioplasty or endarterectomy may be performed.[3]
Of the 50 million cases of high blood pressure in the United States about 0.5 to 5 million are due to RAS.[2] RAS due to atherosclerosis generally occurs in males older than 45 and females older than 55 while fibromuscular dysplasia is most common in women 25 to 50 years old.[3] The condition was first described in 1777 by Respinger.[4]