User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pulmonary valve stenosis
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is a type of heart valve disease in which there is narrowing of the pulmonary valve opening.[4] Affected children often have no symptoms.[2] When symptoms develop these may include syncope, chest pain, or shortness of breath.[2]
Pulmonary valve stenosis | |
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Other names | Valvular pulmonary stenosis, pulmonic stenosis |
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Specialty | Cardiology |
Symptoms | Few symptoms initially, may develop syncope, chest pain, and shortness of breath[1] |
Causes | Congenital heart disease, carcinoid syndrome[2] |
Diagnostic method | Suspected based on a systolic murmur, confirmed by ultrasound of the heart[2] |
Treatment | Balloon valvuloplasty, valve replacement[1] |
Prognosis | Generally good[2] |
Frequency | 0.4% at birth[3] |
The most common cause is congenital heart disease such as tetralogy of Fallot and Noonan syndrome.[2] Other causes include carcinoid syndrome.[2] The narrowing may occur at, above, or below the valve and results in obstruction of blood flow to the pulmonary artery.[1] Diagnosis may be suspected based on a systolic murmur and confirmed by ultrasound of the heart.[2]
Treatment may may include balloon valvuloplasty and valve replacement.[2] Outcomes are generally good.[2] At birth it affected about 4 per 1,000 people.[3] It accounts for around 10% of heart deformities present at birth.[1] Initial descriptions of the condition at birth date from 1761 by John Baptist Morgagni.[5] Surgical repair was first carried out in 1953.[5]