User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pregabalin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pregabalin, marketed under the brand name Lyrica among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, restless leg syndrome, and generalized anxiety disorder.[11][12][13] Its use in epilepsy is as an add-on therapy for partial seizures.[11] When used before surgery, it reduces pain but results in greater sedation and visual disturbances.[14] It is taken by mouth.[11]
Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /priˈɡæbəlɪn/ |
Trade names | Lyrica, others[1] |
Other names | 3-isobutyl GABA, (S)-3-isobutyl-γ-aminobutyric acid |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a605045 |
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Dependence liability | Physical: Moderate[3] Psychological: Moderate[3] |
Addiction liability | Low[3] |
Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Gabapentinoid |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | High (≥90% rapidly absorbed; administration with food has no significant effect on bioavailability)[4] |
Protein binding | <1%[5] |
Metabolites | N-methylpregabalin[4] |
Onset of action | May occur within a week (pain)[6] |
Elimination half-life | 6.3–11.5 hours[7][8][9] |
Duration of action | Unknown[10] |
Excretion | Kidney |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C8H17NO2 |
Molar mass | 159.229 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Common side effects include headache, dizziness, sleepiness, confusion, trouble with memory, poor coordination, dry mouth, problem with vision, and weight gain.[11][15] Serious side effects may include angioedema, drug misuse, and an increased suicide risk.[11] When pregabalin is taken at high doses over a long period of time, addiction may occur, but if taken at usual doses the risk is low.[3] Use during the first trimester of pregnancy may slightly raise the risk of birth defects.[16] Use during breastfeeding is of unclear safety.[17] Pregabalin is a gabapentinoid and acts by inhibiting certain calcium channels.[18][19]
Pregabalin was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004.[11] It was developed as a successor to gabapentin.[20] It is available as a generic medication in a number of countries, including the United States as of 2019.[15][21][22] In the US the wholesale cost is about US$11 per month as of 2019.[23] While in the United Kingdom a similar dose costs the NHS about £6 as of 2018.[15] In 2017, it was the 72nd most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 11 million prescriptions.[24][25] In the US, Pregabalin is a Schedule V controlled substance.[11] It is a Class C controlled substance in the UK.[26] In France it is the most commonly forged prescription.[27]