User:Mr. Ibrahem/Mannitol
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication.[2][3] As a sweetener it is used in diabetic food as it is poorly absorbed by the intestines.[2] As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure.[4][3] Medically, it is given by injection.[1] Effects typically begin within 15 minutes and last up to 8 hours.[1]
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Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Osmitrol, other |
Other names | d-Mannitol, mannite, manna sugar |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
License data | |
Routes of administration | intravenous by mouth |
Drug class | Osmotic diuretic[1] |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | ~7% |
Metabolism | Liver, negligible |
Elimination half-life | 100 minutes |
Excretion | Kidney: 90% |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C6H14O6 |
Molar mass | 182.172 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Common side effects from medical use include electrolyte problems and dehydration.[1] Other serious side effects may include worsening heart failure and kidney problems.[1][3] It is unclear if use is safe in pregnancy.[1] Mannitol is in the osmotic diuretic family of medications and works by pulling fluid from the brain and eyes.[1]
The discovery of mannitol is attributed to Joseph Louis Proust in 1806.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 1.12 to US$5.80 per dose.[7] In the United States, a course of treatment costs $25 to $50.[8] It was originally made from the flowering ash and called manna due to its supposed resemblance to the Biblical food.[9][10] Mannitol is on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned drug list due to concerns that it may mask other drugs.[11]