User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hyoscine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine,[3] is a medication used to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting.[1] It is also sometimes used before surgery to decrease saliva.[1] When used by injection, effects begin after about 20 minutes and last for up to 8 hours.[1] It may also be used by mouth and as a skin patch.[1]
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Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Transdermscop, Kwells, others |
Other names | Scopolamine, hyoscine hydrobromide, scopolamine hydrobromide[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | by mouth, skin patch, eye drops, subcutaneous, intravenous, sublingual, rectal, buccal transmucosal, intramuscular |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Metabolism | Liver |
Elimination half-life | 4.5 hours[2] |
Excretion | Kidney |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C17H21NO4 |
Molar mass | 303.358 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Common side effects include sleepiness, blurred vision, dilated pupils, and dry mouth.[1] It is not recommended in people with angle-closure glaucoma or bowel obstruction.[1] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe; however, it appears to be safe during breastfeeding.[4] Hyoscine is in the antimuscarinic family of medications and works by blocking some of the effects of acetylcholine within the nervous system.[1]
Hyoscine was first written about in 1881 and started to be used for anesthesia around 1900.[5][6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] Hyoscine is the main active component produced by certain plants of the nightshade family which historically have been used as psychoactive drugs.[8] The name "scopolamine" is derived from one type of nightshade known as Scopolia while the name "hyoscine" is derived from another type known as Hyoscyamus niger.[9][10]