User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hydrocortisone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hydrocortisone is the name for the hormone cortisol when supplied as a medication.[2] Uses include conditions such as adrenocortical insufficiency, adrenogenital syndrome, high blood calcium, thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, asthma, and COPD.[1] It is the treatment of choice for adrenocortical insufficiency.[3] It can be given by mouth, topically, or by injection.[1] Stopping treatment after long-term use should be done slowly.[1]
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Trade names | A-hydrocort, Cortef, Solu-cortef, others[1] |
Other names | Cortisol; 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Systemic: Monograph Topical: Monograph Eye and ear: Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682206 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth (tablets), intravenous, topical, rectal |
Drug class | Corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; mineralocorticoid |
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Formula | C21H30O5 |
Molar mass | 362.466 g·mol−1 |
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Side effects may include mood changes, increased risk of infection, and swelling.[1] With long-term use common side effects include osteoporosis, upset stomach, physical weakness, easy bruising, and yeast infections.[1] While used, it is unclear if it is safe during pregnancy.[4] Hydrocortisone is a glucocorticoid and works as an anti-inflammatory and by immune suppression.[1]
Hydrocortisone was patented in 1936 and approved for medical use in 1941.[5][6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.27 per day as of 2014 for the form taken by mouth.[8] In the United States, it costs less than US$25 for a typical month of treatment.[3] In 2017, it was the 154th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than four million prescriptions.[9][10]