User:Mr. Ibrahem/HPV vaccine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are vaccines that prevent infection by certain types of human papillomavirus.[2] It is estimated that the vaccines may prevent 70% of cervical cancer, 80% of anal cancer, 60% of vaginal cancer, 40% of vulvar cancer and possibly some mouth cancer.[3][4][5] They additionally prevent some genital warts, with the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines that protect against HPV types HPV-6 and HPV-11 providing greater protection.[6]
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Vaccine description | |
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Target | Human papillomavirus |
Vaccine type | Protein subunit |
Clinical data | |
Trade names | Gardasil, Cervarix, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a615028 |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | Intramuscular injection |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends HPV vaccines as part of routine vaccinations in all countries, along with other prevention measures.[6] The vaccines require two or three doses depending on a person's age and immune status.[6] Vaccinating girls around the ages of nine to thirteen is typically recommended.[6] The vaccines provide protection for at least 5 to 10 years.[6] Cervical cancer screening is still required following vaccination.[6] Vaccinating a large portion of the population may also benefit the unvaccinated.[7] In those already infected, the vaccines are not effective.[6]
HPV vaccines are very safe.[6] Pain at the site of injection occurs in about 80% of people.[6] Redness and swelling at the site and fever may also occur.[6] No link to Guillain–Barré syndrome has been found.[6] Available vaccines protect against either two, four, or nine types of HPV.[2] All protect against at least HPV types 16 and 18, which are associated with the greatest risk of cervical cancer.[6]
The first HPV vaccine became available in 2006.[8] As of 2018, 80 countries include it in their routine vaccinations, at least for girls.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$47 a dose as of 2014.[10] In the United States, it costs more than US$200.[11] Vaccination may be cost effective in the developing world.[12] As of 2017, Gardasil 9 is the only version available in the United States.[13][14]