User:Mr. Ibrahem/Goitre
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Goitre is an enlarged of the thyroid gland.[2] This may result in swelling of the front of the neck.[1] In advanced cases a cough, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or shortness of breath may occur.[1] It can occur with normal, low, or high thyroid function.[2]
Goitre | |
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Other names | Goiter |
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Diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid | |
Specialty | Endocrinology |
Symptoms | Swelling of front of the neck[1] |
Complications | Cough, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath[1] |
Types | Diffuse, nodular, multinodular[2] |
Causes | Iodine deficiency, Grave disease, toxic nodular goiter, thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, radiation thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, suppurative thyroiditis[2] |
Diagnostic method | Examination, medical imaging[2] |
Differential diagnosis | Lymphadenopathy, pseudogoiter, branchial cleft cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, parathyroid adenoma[2] |
Treatment | Watchful waiting, iodine supplements, radioactive iodine, surgery[3] |
Frequency | 16% (2004)[4] |
The most common cause is iodine deficiency.[2] Other causes include Grave disease, toxic nodular goiter, thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, radiation thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, suppurative thyroiditis, sarcoidosis, and certain medications such as amiodarone.[2][5] It can be diagnosed by looking at the neck, feeling the neck, or medical imaging.[2]
Treatment depends on the underlying cause.[1] This may include watchful waiting, iodine supplements, radioactive iodine, or surgery.[3] Rates of goitre globally are about 16% as of 2004.[4] Females are affected four times more often than males.[2] It is more common in Africa and the Mediterranea region, and less common in the Americas.[4] The condition was first described around 2,700 BC in China.[6] The term is from the Latin guttur, meaning throat.[7]