User:Mr. Ibrahem/Ciprofloxacin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.[3] This includes bone and joint infections, intra abdominal infections, certain type of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others.[3] For some infections it is used in addition to other antibiotics.[3] It can be taken by mouth, as eye drops, as ear drops, or intravenously.[3][4]
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Trade names | Ciloxan, Cipro, Neofloxin, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Systemic: Monograph Eye and ear: Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a688016 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous, topical (ear drops, eye drops) |
Drug class | Fluoroquinolone |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 70%[2] |
Protein binding | 30%[2] |
Metabolism | Liver (incl. CYP1A2) |
Elimination half-life | 3.5 hours[2] |
Excretion | Kidney |
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Formula | C17H18FN3O3 |
Molar mass | 331.347 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and rash.[3] Severe side effects include an increased risk of tendon rupture, hallucinations, and nerve damage.[3] In people with myasthenia gravis, there is worsening muscle weakness.[3] Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin.[5] Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy.[6] No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication.[6] It appears to be safe during breastfeeding.[3] It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that usually results in the death of the bacteria.[3][7][8]
Ciprofloxacin was patented in 1980 and introduced in 1987.[9][10] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[11] It is available as a generic medication.[3][12] The wholesale cost in the developing world is between US$0.03 and US$0.13 a dose.[13] In the United States it is sold for about US$0.40 per dose.[3] In 2017, it was the 107th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than six million prescriptions.[14][15]