User:Mr. Ibrahem/Arteriovenous malformation
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal connection between an artery and vein, without intervening capillaries.[2] Often no symptoms are present, though sometimes pain, seizures, or stroke symptoms may occur.[1] Complications may include bleeding (~4% of cases), steal syndrome, or heart failure.[2][1]
Arteriovenous malformation | |
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Other names | AVM |
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Micrograph of an arteriovenous malformation in the brain. HPS stain. | |
Specialty | Neurosurgery |
Symptoms | None, pain, seizures, stroke symptoms[1] |
Complications | Bleeding, steal syndrome, heart failure[2][1] |
Causes | Unknown[1] |
Diagnostic method | Medical imaging[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Cavernous malformations, capillary telangiectasias, infantile hemangioma, capillary malformations, arteriovenous fistula[2][1] |
Treatment | Surgical removal, endovascular embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery[2][1] |
Types include AVMs of the brain and spinal cord, though any part of the body may be involved.[2][1] The cause in most cases is unclear.[1] Risk factors for brain AVMs include hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.[2] Diagnosis is usually confirmed by medical imaging.[1]
AVMs may be treated with surgical removal, endovascular embolization, or stereotactic radiosurgery.[2][1] If issues have not occurred by the age of 50, they are unlikely to occur.[1] Cerebral AVMs newly occur in about 1.3 people per 100,000 per years.[2] Males and females are affected equally.[3] Death occurs as a result, in about 1% of those affected.[1] AVMs were first described in the mid-1800s.[4]