User:Mr. Ibrahem/Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is a condition associated with shoulder pain and stiffness.[1] There is a loss of the ability to move the shoulder, both voluntarily and by others, in multiple directions.[1][2] The shoulder itself; however, does not generally hurt significantly when touched.[1] Muscle loss around the shoulder may also occur.[1] Onset is gradual over weeks to months.[2] Complications can include fracture of the humerus or biceps tendon rupture.[2]
Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder | |
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Other names | Frozen shoulder |
The right shoulder & glenohumeral joint. | |
Specialty | Orthopedics |
Symptoms | Shoulder pain, stiffness[1] |
Complications | Fracture of the humerus, biceps tendon rupture[2] |
Usual onset | 40 to 60 year old[1] |
Duration | May last years[1] |
Types | Primary, secondary[2] |
Causes | Often unknown, prior shoulder injury[1][2] |
Risk factors | Diabetes, hypothyroidism[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Pinched nerve, autoimmune disease, biceps tendinopathy, osteoarthritis, rotator cuff tear, cancer, bursitis[1] |
Treatment | NSAIDs, physical therapy, steroids, injecting the shoulder at high pressure, surgery[1] |
Frequency | ~4%[1] |
The cause in most cases is unknown.[1] The condition can also occur after injury or surgery to the shoulder.[2] Risk factors include diabetes and thyroid disease.[1] The underlying mechanism involves Inflammation and scarring.[2][3] The diagnosis is generally based on a person's symptoms and a physical exam.[1] The diagnosis may be supported by an MRI.[1]
The condition often resolves over time without intervention but this may take several years.[1] While a number of treatments such as NSAIDs, physical therapy, steroids, and injecting the shoulder at high pressure may be tried it is unclear what is best.[1] Surgery may be suggested for those who do not get better after a few months.[1] About 4% of people are affected.[1] It is more common in people 40–60 years of age and in women.[1]