User:Mr. Ibrahem/ACE inhibitor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney disease, and coronary heart disease.[1] Other uses may include migraines and scleroderma.[2] They are typically taken by mouth, though some are available by injection.[1][3]
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ACE inhibitors are generally well tolerated.[4] Common side effects include a cough, lightheadedness, low blood pressure, decreased kidney function, and high potassium.[3] The decreased kidney function typically occurs in people with renal artery stenosis.[1] Other side effects may include angioedema.[1] They are avoided if severe kidney problems or history of angioedema.[4] Use during pregnancy can harm the baby.[3] They work by stopping the angiotensin converting enzyme and therefore decreasing angiotensin II.[2] Lower levels of angiotensin II results in dilation of blood vessels and increased release of water and sodium by the kidneys.[1] A blood test to check kidney function is typically carried out a week after starting an ACE inhibitor or after changing the dose.[4]
ACE inhibitors, specifically captopril, came into medical use in 1981.[5] They are commonly used as of 2021.[3] In the United States they are a first line treatment for high blood pressure, along with calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, and angiotensin receptor blockers.[6] Most are available as generic medication and are not very expensive.[1]