User:Meghanw27/sandbox
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. [1] Trimethoprim is also used in the treatment of travelers' diarrhea and pediatric patient middle ear infections.[2][3] With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS.[4] It works to selectively inhibit the bacterial dihydrofolate reductase used in folate synthesis, which leads to folate depletion and bacterial death.[5] Trimethoprim is available both as an oral tablet and oral solution. The tablet form is available as a generic medication.[6] Primsol, the oral solution, is currently the only FDA-approved liquid solution of trimethoprim[7].
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Pronunciation | /traɪˈmɛθəprɪm/ |
Trade names | Proloprim, Monotrim, Triprim, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a684025 |
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Routes of administration | Oral |
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Bioavailability | 90–100% |
Protein binding | 44% |
Metabolism | hepatic |
Elimination half-life | 8-12 hours |
Excretion | Urine (50–60%), faeces (4%) |
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Formula | C14H18N4O3 |
Molar mass | 290.32 g/mol g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include nausea, changes in taste, and rash.[8] Rarely it may result in blood problems such as not enough platelets or white blood cells.[9] May cause sun sensitivity.[10][11] There is evidence of potential harm during pregnancy.[12]
Trimethoprim began to be used in a clinical setting to treat bacterial infections in 1962.[13] In 1972, it was used as a prophylactic treatment for urinary tract infections in Finland.[14] Trimethoprim is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the important medications needed in a basic health system.[15]