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Attosecond physics, also known as attophysics, or more generally attosecond science, is a branch of Atomic, molecular, and optical physics and light-matter interaction wherein attosecond (10−18 s) photon pulses are used to unravel dynamical processes in matter with unprecedented time resolution.
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Attosecond science mainly employs pump–probe spectroscopic methods to investigate the physical process of interest. Due to the complexity of this field of study, it generally requires a synergistic interplay between state-of-the-art experimental setup and advanced theoretical tools to interpret the data collected from attosecond experiments[1].
The main interests of attosecond physics are:
- Atomic physics: investigation of electron correlation effects, photo-emission delay and ionization tunneling[2] .
- Molecular physics and molecular chemistry: role of electronic motion in molecular excited states (e.g. charge-transfer processes), light-induced photo-fragmentation, and light-induced electron transfer processes[3].
- Solid-state physics: investigation of exciton dynamics in advanced 2D materials, petahertz charge carrier motion in solids, spin dynamics in ferromagnetic materials[4].
One of the primary goals of attosecond science is to provide advanced insights into the quantum dynamics of electrons in atoms, molecules and solids with the long-term challenge of achieving real-time control of the electron motion in matter [5].
The current world record for the shortest light-pulse generated by human technology is 43 as[6].