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Anti-Oedipus (1972) is a book by the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and the psychoanalyst Félix Guattari. It is the first volume of Capitalism and Schizophrenia, the second volume of which is A Thousand Plateaus (1980).
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Author | Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari |
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Original title | Capitalisme et schizophrénie. L'anti-Œdipe |
Translator | Robert Hurley Mark Seem Helen R. Lane |
Language | French |
Publisher | Les Éditions de Minuit |
Publication date | 1972 (French) 1977 (English) |
Followed by | Kafka: Towards a Minor Literature (1975)' |
Anti-Oedipus analyses the relationship of desire to reality and to capitalist society in particular; it addresses questions of human psychology, economics, society, and history.[1] The book is divided into four sections. The first outlines Deleuze and Guattari's "materialist psychiatry" and its modelling of the unconscious in its relationship with society and its productive processes; in this section they introduce their concept of "desiring-production" (which inter-relates "desiring machines" and a "body without organs"). The second section offers a critique of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis that focuses on its theory of the Oedipus complex. The third section re-writes Karl Marx's materialist account of the history of society's modes of production as a development through "primitive," "despotic," and "capitalist" societies and details their different organisations of production, "inscription" (which corresponds to Marx's "distribution" and "exchange"), and consumption. In the final section, the authors develop a critical practice that they call "schizoanalysis."
The book draws on and criticises the ideas of a vast range of thinkers; as well as Marx and Freud, these include Althusser, Foucault, Lacan, Reich, Laing, Cooper, Jung, Klein, Oury, Jaspers, Hjelmslev, Peirce, Bateson, Clastres, Lévi-Strauss, Klossowski, Lyotard, Monod, Mumford, Turner, Wittfogel, Fourier, Kant, and Spinoza.[2] Deleuze and Guattari also draw on a wide range of creative writers and artists during the course of their argument; these include Artaud, Beckett, Büchner, Butler, Kafka, Kerouac, Kleist, Lawrence, Miller, Proust, Schreber, and Turner.[2] Foremost among its influences, however, stands Nietzsche—Anti-Oedipus may be considered a kind of sequel to The Antichrist.[3]
Some of Guattari's diary entries, correspondence with Deleuze, and notes on the development of the book were published posthumously as The Anti-Oedipus Papers (2004).[4]