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Province of Indonesia / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maluku (/məˈluːkuː, mæˈluːkuː/) is a province of Indonesia. It comprises the central and southern regions of the Maluku Islands. The capital city and major commercial center of Maluku is located in Ambon on the small Ambon Island. The land area is 62,946 km2, and the total population of this province at the 2010 census results amounted to 1,533,506 people; the latest official estimate (as at mid 2019) is 1,768,500. The province is directly adjacent to North Maluku and West Papua in the north, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi in the west, Banda Sea, East Timor and East Nusa Tenggara in the south and Arafura Sea and Papua in the east. With a total area of 712,480 km2, of which the land area is only about 7,4 percent, Maluku has a large potential in fishery and tourism. The Maluku archipelago has been well-known since hundreds of years ago with its commodities of nutmeg, cloves and coconut which have been traded all over the world since the Portuguese rule over Maluku in the late 15th century. Maluku also has a large potential in natural resources, such as gold, nickel and copper.[5] Mount Binaiya in Seram is the highest point in the province, with a height of 3,027 m (9,931 ft).
Maluku | |
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Nickname: | |
Motto(s): Siwalima (Ambonese) Belong Together | |
![]() Location of Maluku in Indonesia | |
Coordinates: 3°42′18″S 128°10′12″E | |
Established | 19 August 1945[lower-alpha 1] |
Capital and largest city | Ambon |
Divisions | 11 regencies and cities, 118 districts, 1235 villages (desa and kelurahan) |
Government | |
• Type | Province |
• Body | Maluku Provincial Government |
• Governor | Murad Ismail |
• Vice Governor | Barnabas Orno |
Area | |
• Total | 62,946.04 km2 (24,303.60 sq mi) |
• Rank | 15th in Indonesia |
Highest elevation | 3,027 m (9,931 ft) |
• Rank | 13th in Indonesia |
Lowest elevation | −7,350 m (−24,110 ft) |
Population (2020 Census)[2] | |
• Total | 1,848,923 |
• Rank | 28th in Indonesia |
• Density | 29/km2 (76/sq mi) |
Demographics | |
• Ethnic groups | Moluccans (including Alfur, Ambonese, Alune, Buru), Buginese, Butonese, Javanese, Chinese |
• Religion | Islam (49.61%) Christianity (49.16%) Hinduism (0.4%) Buddhism (<0.1%)[3] |
• Languages | Indonesian (official) Ambonese Malay (lingua franca) Various languages belonging to the Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages group and the North Halmahera languages group, |
Time zone | UTC+09 (Indonesia Eastern Time) |
ISO 3166 code | ID-MA |
Vehicle registration | DE |
HDI | ![]() |
HDI rank | 26th in Indonesia (2021) |
GRP Nominal | ![]() |
GDP PPP (2021) | ![]() |
GDP rank | 33rd in Indonesia (2021) |
Nominal per capita | US$1,822 (2021)[4] |
PPP per capita | US$5,394 (2021)[4] |
Per capita rank | 32nd in Indonesia (2021) |
Website | malukuprov.go.id |
Before the colonial era, Maluku became the axis of the world's spice trade with cloves and nutmeg as the main product of the region, which made the Maluku archipelago known as the Spice Islands to this day.[6] The wealth of these spices also became the attraction of European nations who eventually controlled the Moluccas, starting with the Portuguese and finally the Dutch.[7] Maluku remained part of the Dutch East Indies until 1949, following the Japanese occupation and Indonesia's independence.[8] Distrusting the newly established Indonesian government, the largely pro-Dutch Moluccans declared the independence of the Republic of South Maluku (RMS) in Ambon and Seram on 25 April 1950.[9][10] The Indonesian government reacted quickly and crushed the rebellion in November 1950.[11][12] All of the Maluku archipelago was administered under a single province until 1999, when the northern part of Maluku (then comprising the Maluku Utara Regency, the Halmahera Tengah Regency and the City of Ternate) were split off to form a separate province of North Maluku (Maluku Utara).
An island province, the indigenous Moluccans formed the dominant ethnic group in the province. The term "Moluccans" itself is used as a blanket term for the various ethnic and linguistic groups native to the province, which may have a distinct culture and traditions from one another. The remaining ethnic groups are mainly people who fare from the nearby island of Sulawesi, such as the Bugis and Butonese. A small but significant Javanese population also live in Maluku, especially in urban areas such as Ambon. Javanese emigration to Maluku have dated back from the Dutch colonial era. Lastly, the Bajau people, a nomadic group also inhabits the coastal regions of Maluku. Islam and Christianity (both Protestantism and Catholicism) are the two most embraced religion in Maluku, with the former being adhered by a slightly higher percentage of the population.