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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ceftriaxone (INN) is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Ceftriaxone sodium is marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche under the trade name Rocephin. It is administered by intravenous or intramuscular injection.
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Pronunciation | /ˌsɛftraɪˈæksoʊn/ |
Trade names | Rocephin, Epicephin, Arixon, Elcefrin |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous, intramuscular |
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Bioavailability | n/a |
Metabolism | Negligible |
Elimination half-life | 5.8–8.7 hours |
Excretion | 33–67% renal, 35–45% biliary |
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Formula | C18H18N8O7S3 |
Molar mass | 554.58 g/mol g·mol−1 |
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Ceftriaxone is approved to treat the following infections when caused by susceptible bacteria: lower respiratory tract infections, ear infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, septicemia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis. It is also used preoperatively to reduce the risk of postoperative infections. It is contraindicated in neonates due to the risks of bilirubin encephalopathy and ceftriaxone-calcium precipitation. Dosage adjustment is usually required in patients with renal failure.[1][2]
It is a third-generation cephalosporin. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria and expanded Gram-negative coverage compared to second-generation agents. In most cases, it is considered to be equivalent to cefotaxime in terms of spectrum of antibacterial activity. Due to cross-allergenicity, patients who have experienced anaphylaxis to penicillins are advised not to receive cephalosporins.[3] The most common side effects are related to route of drug administration, including pain at the site of intramuscular injection and thrombophlebitis in intravenous administration. Gastrointestinal upset is also common. Due to precipitation of ceftriaxone in bile, biliary sludging, gallstones, and cholecystitis are also possible, if less common.[4]
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[5]