Loading AI tools
Regional airline brand of the United States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
United Express is the brand name for the regional branch of United Airlines, under which five individually owned regional airlines operate short- and medium-haul feeder flights.
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2023) |
![]() | |
Founded | 1985 |
---|---|
Hubs | |
Frequent-flyer program | MileagePlus |
Alliance | Star Alliance (affiliate) |
Fleet size | 449 |
Parent company | United Airlines Holdings |
Headquarters | Chicago, Illinois |
Key people | Scott Kirby (CEO) |
Website | united |
On October 1, 2010, UAL Corporation and Continental Airlines merged to form United Continental Holdings, the holding company for the newly merged United Airlines. On June 27, 2019, United Express changed its parent company name from United Continental Holdings to United Airlines Holdings.[1] As of 2024, 449 aircraft fly under the United Express brand.
Major airlines in the United States had long maintained relationships with regional carriers which fed passengers from small markets to larger cities. The Airline Deregulation Act spurred industry consolidation both vertically and horizontally, and as the hub system became more pronounced, airlines formalized these relationships through code sharing, shared branding, and listing regional partners in computer reservations systems. On May 1, 1985, United formally partnered with Air Wisconsin, Horizon Air, and WestAir as United Express, feeding its hubs at Chicago–O'Hare, Seattle International Airport, and San Francisco International Airport. Aspen Airways soon joined the United Express system in 1986 feeding United's hub at Denver–Stapleton. Aspen was dismantled in 1990 being sold to Air Wisconsin and Mesa Airlines. Horizon Air was bought out by Alaska Airlines in 1987 at which time Horizon's contract as United Express was cancelled and a new carrier, North Pacific Airlines (NPA), was established by WestAir to service the Seattle hub as well as hubs at Portland, Spokane, and Boise. NPA was merged into its parent, WestAir, in 1991. San Juan Airlines of Seattle and SouthCentral Air of Anchorage, Alaska, also operated as United Express from 1987 through 1989.
In 1988, Presidential Airways became a United Express carrier for United's new hub at Washington Dulles International Airport, but soon floundered. In response, WestAir formed an eastern division to serve Dulles.[2] WestAir itself experienced turmoil; in 1991 it spun off the new division into an independent company, Atlantic Coast Airlines (ACA), which years later would go on to become Independence Air.
In 1990, Mesa Airlines took over all of the United Express routes from Denver formerly operated by Aspen Airways except the Denver to Aspen route which went to Air Wisconsin. Mesa also added a number of new routes from Denver as well. In 1992 Mesa created a new division called California Pacific Airlines to begin new United Express service from the Los Angeles hub. In 1995 Mesa took over all United Express routes at the Seattle and Portland hubs formerly operated by WestAir. Mesa Airlines contract operating as United Express was cancelled in 1998 at which time Air Wisconsin and Great Lakes Airlines took over the Denver routes while SkyWest took over the Los Angeles, Seattle, and Portland routes.
In 1992, Great Lakes Airlines became a United Express partner, followed by Trans States Airlines the following year. In 1997, as United officially designated Los Angeles International Airport one of its hubs, SkyWest Airlines became a United Express partner as well. Great Lakes left the United Express system in early 2002, although it continued to do codeshare flights until they ceased operations in 2018.
In 1993, Trans States Airlines started United Feeder Service (UFS), to operate British Aerospace BAe ATP aircraft for United Airlines. The aircraft, originally owned by Air Wisconsin, were transferred and subsequently owned by United. UFS operated routes to Chicago O'Hare (ORD) from close markets in the U.S. Upper Midwest. UFS was eliminated from the United Express carrier network in 1999 and disappeared.
When United declared for Chapter 11 reorganization in 2002, it pressured its regional partners for reduced fees. In 2004, ACA canceled its contract and reinvented itself as low-cost carrier Independence Air. The next year, Air Wisconsin unsuccessfully bid to retain its flying contract, though it did retain some ground-handling United Express operations. To compensate, United initiated new service agreements with Colgan Air, Trans States subsidiary GoJet Airlines, and Republic Airways Holdings subsidiaries Chautauqua Airlines and Shuttle America. Trans States Airlines. Mesa Airlines was also reinstated into the United Express system.
In 2005, United announced that service levels on major United Express routes would be upgraded to a new product called explus. Routes with explus service offer First Class seats and meal service on larger, 70-seat Embraer 170s and 66-seat Bombardier CRJ700s.[3] Expanding the traditional regional partner role, United started to use the airplanes configured with explus amenities instead of, or alongside with, mainline jets on routes linking large cities, such as Chicago to Houston.
United announced a new Express focus city at San Antonio International Airport in 2006, but the experiment was short-lived. Trans States was the carrier operating the San Antonio operation.
United decided to cancel Dash 8 and CRJ200 service with Mesa Airlines in November 2009.[4] On November 16, 2009, it was announced that ExpressJet would begin operating Embraer ERJ 145s beginning in the spring of 2010.[5] Mesa Airlines continued service using CRJ700 regional jets and added the Embraer 175 in 2015.
All Continental Express and Continental Connection service officially merged into United Express in late 2010 including that of Cape Air which was operating as Continental Connection on behalf of Continental Micronesia in Guam. Silver Airways was also a Continental Connection carrier that converted to United Express using turbo prop aircraft. Silver operated throughout Florida as well as routes from Washington Dulles Airport however their affiliation as United Express ended in 2013.
On April 1, 2012, Pinnacle Airlines Corp. filed for bankruptcy and announced it would draw down its Colgan Air operation. In May, United reached a deal with Republic Airways Holdings for its subsidiary Republic Airways to fly the Q400 in Colgan's place. The eight-year capacity purchase agreement included all 28 aircraft previously operated by Colgan as well as four currently flown by Republic for Frontier Airlines.
In August 2015, United announced the start of a new subsidiary, United Ground Express, to provide ground operation service in select airports within its domestic network.[6]
By September 2016, Republic Airways’ Q400s were phased out of service, replacing them with 50 more Embraer 175s.[7]
On February 27, 2017, United Airlines announced the return of their partnership with Air Wisconsin as a United Express carrier. They would be flying a fleet of 65 Bombardier CRJ200s beginning second-half 2017.
In September 2017, the Q300 was phased out,[8] and in January 2018, the Q200 was phased out.[9] These were the final prop aircraft in the United Express system within the United States.
On April 16, 2018, United Airlines announced the end of its partnership with Cape Air. Services ended on May 31, 2018, which marked the end of United Express operations in Guam, along with the retirement of the last turboprop aircraft in the United Express fleet.[10]
In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Trans States Airlines announced that it would be ceasing operations on April 1, 2020, ending its operations as United Express.[11]
On July 30, 2020, it was announced that United Airlines had decided to end its contract with ExpressJet and transferred these operations to CommuteAir. ExpressJet continued its operations until September 30, 2020, and CommuteAir became the sole operator of the United Express Embraer ERJ 145 fleet.[12][13]
In August 2022, Air Wisconsin announced that it would again be leaving the United Express brand and transferring exclusively to American Eagle. The transition started in March 2023.[14]
As of 2023, five airlines remain as United Express feeder carriers: CommuteAir, GoJet, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airways, and SkyWest Airlines. Most of these carriers now have routes spanning the entire United States with regional jets. SkyWest serves a number of small cities that are subsidized by the federally funded Essential Air Service program as well as other local and state governments.[15]
United Express bus service connects Beaumont/Port Arthur to George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). This service began after Colgan Air-operated Saab 340 turboprop flights ended on July 1, 2012,[16] and this bus service continues as of 2018[update] with several trips a day.[17]
United Express also has a bus service from Lehigh Valley International Airport (ABE) to Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR).[18] Continental Airlines, which later merged into United in 2010, previously operated flights from Allentown to Newark but switched to a bus service in 1995 due to constant delays from air traffic control.[19] It is 79 miles (127 km) long. As of 1997[update] the service was eight times daily.[20] By 2010 the bus was the only form of service offered by Continental after it cancelled its Allentown to Cleveland flights.[19]
As of April 2024[update], the combined United Express-branded fleet consists of the following regional jet aircraft:[21]
Airline | Aircraft | In fleet | Orders | Passengers | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | Y+ | Y | Total | |||||
CommuteAir | Embraer ERJ 145 | 53 | — | — | 6 | 44 | 50 | |
GoJet Airlines | Bombardier CRJ550 | 59 | — | 10 | 20 | 20 | 50 | |
Mesa Airlines | Embraer 175 | 31 | — | 12 | 32 | 26 | 70 | |
47 | — | 12 | 16 | 48 | 76 | |||
Republic Airways | Embraer 170 | 26 | — | 6 | 16 | 48 | 70 | To be transferred to Envoy Air |
Embraer 175 | 46 | — | 12 | 16 | 48 | 76 | ||
SkyWest Airlines | Bombardier CRJ200 | 73 | — | — | — | 50 | 50 | |
Bombardier CRJ700 | 19 | — | 6 | 16 | 48 | 70 | ||
Embraer 175 | 30 | 34[22] | 12 | 32 | 26 | 70 | ||
65 | — | 16 | 48 | 76 | ||||
Total | 449 | 34 |
Aircraft | Total | Introduced | Retired | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
BAe 146-100 | 4 | 1988 | 2004 | Operated by Air Wisconsin and Aspen Airways |
BAe 146-200 | 19 | 1985 | 2006 | Operated by Air Wisconsin and WestAir Commuter Airlines |
BAe 146-300 | 5 | 1988 | 2006 | Operated by Air Wisconsin |
Bombardier CRJ100 | 4 | 2005 | 2008 | Operated by Mesa Airlines |
2 | 2009 | 2016 | Operated by SkyWest Airlines | |
1 | 2019 | 2019 | Operated by ExpressJet | |
Dornier 328JET | 23 | 1998 | 2003 | Operated by Air Wisconsin |
Embraer ERJ 135 | 9 | 2010 | 2018 | Former Continental Express, operated by ExpressJet |
The United Express brand, through its various regional and commuter airline partners, operated a variety of twin turboprop aircraft over the years including the following types.
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.