Udyoga Parva
Fifth book of the Mahabharata / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Udyoga Parva (Sanskrit: उद्योग पर्वः), or the Book of Effort, is the fifth of eighteen books of the Indian epic Mahābhārata.[1] Udyoga Parva traditionally has 10 parts and 199 chapters.[2][3] The critical edition of Sabha Parva has 12 parts and 197 chapters.[4][5]
Udyoga Parva describes the period immediately after the exile of Pandavas had ended. The Pandavas return, demand their half of the kingdom. The Kauravas refuse.[1] The book includes the effort for peace that fails, followed by the effort to prepare for the great war—the Kurukshetra War.[6]
Vidura Niti, a theory of leadership as propounded by Vidura, is embedded in Udyoga Parva (Chapters 33–40).[7] The Sanatsujatiya, a text commented upon by Adi Shankara, is contained within the Udyoga Parva (Chapters 41–46).[8]