Ambassadors of the United States

Ambassadors of the United States are persons nominated by the president to serve as the United States' diplomatic representatives to foreign nations, international organizations, and as ambassadors-at-large. Under Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, their appointment must be confirmed by the United States Senate;^[1] while an ambassador may be appointed during a recess, they can serve only until the end of the next session of Congress, unless subsequently confirmed.^[2]

Ambassadors are the highest-ranking diplomats of the U.S. and are usually based at the embassy in the host country. They are under the jurisdiction of the Department of State and answer directly to the secretary of state; however, ambassadors serve "at the pleasure of the President", meaning they can be dismissed at any time. Appointments change regularly for various reasons, such as reassignment or retirement.

An ambassador may be a career Foreign Service Officer (career diplomat – CD) or a political appointee (PA). In most cases, career foreign service officers serve a tour of approximately three years per ambassadorship, whereas political appointees customarily tender their resignations upon the inauguration of a new president.

The State Department publishes a monthly list of ambassadors.^[3] A listing by country of past chiefs of mission is maintained by the Office of the Historian of the U.S. Department of State,^[4] along with the names and appointment dates of past and present ambassadors-at-large^[5] and mission to international organizations.^[6]

Note that the information in this list is subject to change due to regular personnel changes resulting from retirements and reassignments. The State Department posts updated lists of ambassadors approximately monthly, accessible via an interactive menu-based website.^[3]^[7]^[8]

More information Host country, List ...

Host country	List	Ambassador	Background	Embassy and website	Position established	Confirmed
Afghanistan^{[lower-alpha 1]}	List	Vacant since January 6, 2020 Karen B. Decker, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Kabul	1921
Albania	List	Vacant since June 25, 2023 Nancy Vanhorn, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Tirana	1922
Algeria	List	Elizabeth Moore Aubin	CD	Algiers	1962	December 18, 2021
Andorra^{[lower-alpha 2]}	List	Vacant since July 12, 2024 Rian Harker Harris, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Madrid	1998
Angola^{[lower-alpha 3]}	List	Vacant since October 2024 James B. Story, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Luanda	1994
Antigua and Barbuda^{[lower-alpha 4]}	List	Roger F. Nyhus	PA	Bridgetown	1981	November 15, 2023
Argentina	List	Marc Stanley	PA	Buenos Aires	1823	December 18, 2021
Armenia	List	Kristina Kvien	CD	Yerevan	1993	December 13, 2022
Australia	List	Caroline Kennedy	PA	Canberra	1940	May 5, 2022
Austria	List	Victoria Reggie Kennedy	PA	Vienna	1838	October 26, 2021
Azerbaijan	List	Mark W. Libby	CD	Baku	1992	November 8, 2023
Bahamas	List	Vacant since November 21, 2011 Kimberly Furnish, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Nassau	1973
Bahrain	List	Steven C. Bondy	CD	Manama	1971	December 18, 2021
Bangladesh	List	Vacant since July 23, 2024 Helen LaFave, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Dhaka	1974
Barbados^{[lower-alpha 4]}	List	Roger F. Nyhus	PA	Bridgetown	1966	November 15, 2023
Belarus	List	Vacant since June 9, 2022 Peter Kaufmann, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Minsk	1992
Belgium	List	Michael M. Adler	PA	Brussels	1832	December 18, 2021
Belize	List	Michelle Kwan	PA	Belmopan	1981	September 29, 2022
Benin	List	Brian W. Shukan	CD	Cotonou	1960	December 18, 2021
Bhutan	The United States does not maintain formal diplomatic relations with Bhutan. Informal contact through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.
Bolivia	List	Vacant since September 15, 2008 Debra Hevia, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	La Paz	1849
Bosnia and Herzegovina	List	Michael J. Murphy	CD	Sarajevo	1993	December 18, 2021
Botswana	List	Howard Van Vranken	CD	Gaborone	1966	December 21, 2022
Brazil	List	Elizabeth Bagley	PA	Brasília	1825	December 14, 2022
Brunei	List	Caryn McClelland	CD	Bandar Seri Begawan	1984	December 18, 2021
Bulgaria	List	Kenneth H. Merten	CD	Sofia	1901	December 13, 2022
Burkina Faso	List	Joann M. Lockard	CD	Ouagadougou	1960	May 2, 2024
Burma (Myanmar)^{[lower-alpha 5]}	List	Vacant since December 17, 2022 Susan N. Stevenson, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Yangon	1947
Burundi	List	Lisa J. Peterson	CD	Bujumbura	1962	May 2, 2024
Cabo Verde (Cape Verde)	List	Jennifer M. Adams	CD	Praia	1976	May 2, 2024
Cambodia	List	Vacant since May 18, 2024 Bridgette L. Walker, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Phnom Penh	1950
Cameroon	List	Christopher Lamora	CD	Yaoundé	1960	December 18, 2021
Canada	List	David L. Cohen	PA	Ottawa	1927	November 2, 2021
Central African Republic	List	Patricia A. Mahoney	CD	Bangui	1960	December 18, 2021
Chad	List	Alexander M. Laskaris	CD	N'Djamena	1961	July 14, 2022
Chile	List	Bernadette Meehan	PA	Santiago	1824	July 20, 2022
China	List	R. Nicholas Burns	PA	Beijing	1844	December 16, 2021
Colombia	List	Vacant since June 1, 2022 Francisco Palmieri, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Bogotá	1823
Comoros^{[lower-alpha 6]}	List	Claire A. Pierangelo	CD	Antananarivo	1977	March 2, 2022
Congo-Brazzaville	List	Eugene S. Young	CD	Brazzaville	1960	December 18, 2021
Congo-Kinshasa (DRC)	List	Lucy Tamlyn	CD	Kinshasa	1960	December 20, 2022
Costa Rica	List	Cynthia A. Telles	PA	San José	1853	December 18, 2021
Croatia	List	Nathalie Rayes	PA	Zagreb	1992	December 6, 2023
Cuba	List	Vacant since October 28, 1960 Benjamin G. Ziff, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Havana	1902
Cyprus	List	Julie D. Fisher	CD	Nicosia	1960	December 13, 2022
Czech Republic	List	Bijan Sabet	PA	Prague	1992	December 13, 2022
Denmark	List	Alan M. Leventhal	PA	Copenhagen	1827	June 15, 2022
Djibouti	List	Cynthia Kierscht	CD	Djibouti City	1980	May 2, 2024
Dominica^{[lower-alpha 4]}	List	Roger F. Nyhus	PA	Bridgetown	1979	November 15, 2023
Dominican Republic	List	Vacant since January 20, 2021 Patricia Aguilera, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Santo Domingo	1884
East Timor (Timor-Leste)	List	Donna Ann Welton	CD	Dili	2002	May 7, 2024
Ecuador	List	Arthur W. Brown	CD	Quito	1833	May 2, 2024
Egypt	List	Herro Mustafa	CD	Cairo	1848	November 1, 2023
El Salvador	List	William H. Duncan	CD	San Salvador	1863	December 13, 2022
Equatorial Guinea	List	David R. Gilmour	CD	Malabo	1967	December 18, 2021
Eritrea	List	Vacant since July 19, 2010 Leslie Freriksen, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Asmara	1991
Estonia	List	George P. Kent	CD	Tallinn	1922	December 13, 2022
Eswatini	List	Vacant since December 20, 2022 Caitlin Piper, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Mbabane	1971
Ethiopia	List	Ervin Jose Massinga	CD	Addis Ababa	1908	July 27, 2023
Fiji^{[lower-alpha 7]}	List	Marie C. Damour	CD	Suva	1971	August 4, 2022
Finland	List	Vacant since September 20, 2024 Christopher Krafft, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Helsinki	1920
France^{[lower-alpha 8]}	List	Denise Bauer	PA	Paris	1778	December 18, 2021
Gabon	List	Vernelle FitzPatrick	CD	Libreville	1960	November 29, 2023
The Gambia	List	Sharon L. Cromer	CD	Banjul	1965	December 18, 2021
Georgia	List	Robin Dunnigan	CD	Tbilisi	1992	July 27, 2023
Germany	List	Vacant since July 13, 2024 Alan Meltzer, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Berlin	1797
Ghana	List	Virginia E. Palmer	CD	Accra	1957	March 2, 2022
Greece	List	George James Tsunis	PA	Athens	1868	March 10, 2022
Grenada^{[lower-alpha 4]}	List	Roger F. Nyhus	PA	Bridgetown	1975	November 15, 2023
Guatemala	List	Tobin John Bradley	CD	Guatemala City	1826	December 20, 2023
Guinea-Bissau^{[lower-alpha 9]}	List	Michael A. Raynor	CD	Dakar	1976	December 18, 2021
Guinea	List	Troy D. Fitrell	CD	Conakry	1959	December 18, 2021
Guyana	List	Nicole D. Theriot	CD	Georgetown	1966	July 27, 2023
Haiti	List	Dennis B. Hankins	CD	Port-au-Prince	1862	March 14, 2024
Holy See (Vatican City)	List	Vacant since July 8, 2024 Laura Hochla, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Vatican City	1984
Honduras	List	Laura Farnsworth Dogu	CD	Tegucigalpa	1853	March 10, 2022
Hungary	List	David Pressman	PA	Budapest	1921	July 28, 2022
Iceland	List	Carrin Patman	PA	Reykjavík	1941	August 7, 2022
India	List	Eric Garcetti	PA	New Delhi	1947	March 15, 2023
Indonesia	List	Kamala Shirin Lakhdhir	CD	Jakarta	1949	May 2, 2024
Iran	List	No diplomatic relations since April 7, 1980. Informal contact via the U.S. Interests Section in the Swiss embassy. Virtual Embassy Tehran open since December 2011.
Iraq	List	Alina Romanowski	CD	Baghdad	1931	March 24, 2022
Ireland	List	Claire D. Cronin	PA	Dublin	1927	December 18, 2021
Israel	List	Jack Lew	PA	Jerusalem	1949	October 31, 2023
Italy^{[lower-alpha 10]}	List	Jack Markell	PA	Rome	1831	July 27, 2023
Ivory Coast	List	Jessica Davis Ba	CD	Abidjan	1960	December 15, 2022
Jamaica	List	N. Nick Perry	PA	Kingston	1962	March 10, 2022
Japan	List	Rahm Emanuel	PA	Tokyo	1859	December 18, 2021
Jordan	List	Yael Lempert	CD	Amman	1950	July 27, 2023
Kazakhstan	List	Daniel N. Rosenblum	CD	Astana	1992	August 4, 2022
Kenya	List	Meg Whitman	PA	Nairobi	1964	July 14, 2022
Kiribati^{[lower-alpha 7]}	List	Marie C. Damour	CD	Suva	1980	August 4, 2022
Kosovo	List	Jeff Hovenier	CD	Pristina	2008	November 18, 2021
Kuwait	List	Karen Sasahara	CD	Kuwait City	1961	October 16, 2023
Kyrgyzstan	List	Lesslie Viguerie	CD	Bishkek	1992	September 29, 2022
Laos	List	Heather Variava	CD	Vientiane	1950	November 29, 2023
Latvia	List	Christopher T. Robinson	CD	Riga	1922	December 13, 2022
Lebanon	List	Lisa A. Johnson	CD	Beirut	1942	December 14, 2023
Lesotho	List	Vacant since April 12, 2024 Thomas Hines, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Maseru	1966
Liberia	List	Mark Toner	CD	Monrovia	1863	May 2, 2024
Libya	List	Vacant since September 8, 2022 Jeremy Berndt, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Tripoli	1952
Liechtenstein^{[lower-alpha 11]}	List	Scott Miller	PA	Bern	1853	December 18, 2021
Lithuania	List	Kara McDonald	CD	Vilnius	1922	November 29, 2023
Luxembourg	List	Tom Barrett	PA	Luxembourg	1903	December 16, 2021
Madagascar^{[lower-alpha 6]}	List	Claire A. Pierangelo	CD	Antananarivo	1960	March 2, 2022
Malawi	List	Vacant since February 12, 2024 Amy W. Diaz, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Lilongwe	1964
Malaysia	List	Edgard Kagan	CD	Kuala Lumpur	1957	November 8, 2023
Maldives	List	Hugo Yue-Ho Yon	CD	Colombo	2023	July 27, 2023
Mali	List	Rachna Korhonen	CD	Bamako	1960	December 13, 2022
Malta	List	Constance J. Milstein	PA	Attard	1964	August 6, 2022
Marshall Islands	List	Laura Stone	CD	Majuro	1986	May 2, 2024
Mauritania	List	Vacant since July 9, 2024 John T. Ice, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Nouakchott	1960
Mauritius^{[lower-alpha 12]}	List	Henry V. Jardine	CD	Port Louis	1968	December 13, 2022
Mexico	List	Ken Salazar	PA	Mexico City	1825	August 11, 2021
Micronesia	List	Jennifer L. Johnson	CD	Kolonia	1987	July 27, 2023
Moldova	List	Vacant since May 30, 2024 Daniela DiPierro, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Chișinău	1992
Monaco^{[lower-alpha 8]}	List	Denise Bauer	PA	Paris	2006	December 18, 2021
Mongolia	List	Richard Buangan	CD	Ulaanbaatar	1988	August 4, 2022
Montenegro	List	Judy Rising Reinke	CD	Podgorica	1905	September 6, 2018
Morocco	List	Puneet Talwar	PA	Rabat	1905	September 8, 2022
Mozambique	List	Peter H. Vrooman	CD	Maputo	1976	December 18, 2021
Namibia	List	Randy W. Berry	CD	Windhoek	1990	September 20, 2022
Nauru^{[lower-alpha 7]}	List	Marie C. Damour	CD	Suva	1974	August 4, 2022
Nepal	List	Dean R. Thompson	CD	Kathmandu	1959	August 4, 2022
Netherlands	List	Shefali Razdan Duggal	PA	The Hague	1781	September 14, 2022
New Zealand^{[lower-alpha 13]}	List	Tom Udall	PA	Wellington	1942	October 26, 2021
Nicaragua	List	Vacant since May 19, 2023^{[lower-alpha 14]} Kevin O'Reilly, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Managua	1851
Niger	List	Kathleen A. FitzGibbon	CD	Niamey	1960	July 27, 2023
Nigeria	List	Richard M. Mills Jr.	CD	Abuja	1960	May 2, 2024
North Korea	The United States does not maintain diplomatic relations with North Korea. Limited consular matters are handled by the Swedish embassy.^{[lower-alpha 15]}
North Macedonia	List	Angela P. Aggeler	CD	Skopje	1993	August 4, 2022
Norway	List	Vacant since February 14, 2024 Eric Meyer, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Oslo	1905
Oman	List	Ana A. Escrogima	CD	Muscat	1972	October 17, 2023
Pakistan	List	Donald Blome	CD	Islamabad	1947	March 1, 2022
Palau	List	Joel Ehrendreich	CD	Koror	2004	July 27, 2023
Panama	List	Mari Carmen Aponte	PA	Panama City	1903	September 29, 2022
Papua New Guinea^{[lower-alpha 16]}	List	Ann M. Yastishock	CD	Port Moresby	1975	November 29, 2023
Paraguay	List	Marc Ostfield	CD	Asunción	1861	December 18, 2021
Peru	List	Stephanie Syptak-Ramnath	CD	Lima	1827	May 2, 2024
Philippines	List	MaryKay Carlson	CD	Manila	1946	May 5, 2022
Poland	List	Mark Brzezinski	PA	Warsaw	1919	December 18, 2021
Portugal	List	Randi Levine	PA	Lisbon	1791	March 10, 2022
Qatar	List	Timmy T. Davis	CD	Doha	1971	August 4, 2022
Romania	List	Kathleen A. Kavalec	CD	Bucharest	1880	December 15, 2022
Russia	List	Lynne M. Tracy	CD	Moscow	1809	December 21, 2022
Rwanda	List	Eric W. Kneedler	CD	Kigali	1963	July 27, 2023
Saint Kitts and Nevis^{[lower-alpha 4]}	List	Roger F. Nyhus	PA	Bridgetown	1984	November 15, 2023
Saint Lucia^{[lower-alpha 4]}	List	Roger F. Nyhus	PA	Bridgetown	1983	November 15, 2023
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines^{[lower-alpha 4]}	List	Roger F. Nyhus	PA	Bridgetown	1981	November 15, 2023
Samoa^{[lower-alpha 13]}	List	Tom Udall	PA	Apia	1971	October 26, 2021
San Marino^{[lower-alpha 10]}	List	Jack Markell	PA	Florence San Marino VPP	2006	July 27, 2023
São Tomé and Príncipe^{[lower-alpha 3]}	List	Vacant since October 2024 James B. Story, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Luanda	1975
Saudi Arabia	List	Michael Ratney	CD	Riyadh	1939	March 14, 2023
Senegal^{[lower-alpha 9]}	List	Michael A. Raynor	CD	Dakar	1960	December 18, 2021
Serbia	List	Christopher R. Hill	CD	Belgrade	1882	March 10, 2022
Seychelles^{[lower-alpha 12]}	List	Henry V. Jardine	CD	Port Louis	1976	December 13, 2022
Sierra Leone	List	Bryan David Hunt	CD	Freetown	1961	July 27, 2023
Singapore	List	Jonathan E. Kaplan	PA	Singapore	1966	November 19, 2021
Slovakia	List	Gautam A. Rana	CD	Bratislava	1993	August 4, 2022
Slovenia	List	Vacant since July 31, 2024 Melania Arreaga, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Ljubljana	1992
Solomon Islands^{[lower-alpha 16]}	List	Ann M. Yastishock	CD	Port Moresby	1978	November 29, 2023
Somalia	List	Richard H. Riley IV	CD	Mogadishu	1960	May 2, 2024
South Africa	List	Reuben Brigety	PA	Pretoria	1929	July 21, 2022
South Korea	List	Philip S. Goldberg	CD	Seoul	1883	May 5, 2022
South Sudan	List	Michael J. Adler	CD	Juba	2011	July 14, 2022
Spain^{[lower-alpha 2]}	List	Vacant since July 12, 2024 Rian Harker Harris, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Madrid	1783
Sri Lanka	List	Julie J. Chung	CD	Colombo	1949	December 18, 2021
Sudan	List	Vacant since February 23, 2024 Colleen Crenwelge, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Khartoum	1956
Suriname	List	Robert J. Faucher	CD	Paramaribo	1975	December 13, 2022
Sweden	List	Erik Ramanathan	PA	Stockholm	1818	December 18, 2021
Switzerland^{[lower-alpha 11]}	List	Scott Miller	PA	Bern	1853	December 18, 2021
Syria	List	The embassy was closed on February 6, 2014. Poland became the protecting power until its embassy closed on July 27, 2014, at which point the Czech Republic took responsibility.
Taiwan	Since January 19, 1979, diplomatic relations have been carried out by the American Institute in Taiwan Taipei Office
Tajikistan	List	Manuel P. Micaller	CD	Dushanbe	1992	December 13, 2022
Tanzania	List	Michael Battle	PA	Dar es Salaam	1962	December 13, 2022
Thailand	List	Robert F. Godec	CD	Bangkok	1882	August 4, 2022
Togo	List	Vacant since May 30, 2024 Ronald E. Hawkins Jr., chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Lomé	1960
Tonga^{[lower-alpha 7]}	List	Marie C. Damour	CD	Suva	1972	August 4, 2022
Trinidad and Tobago	List	Candace Bond	PA	Port of Spain	1962	September 29, 2022
Tunisia	List	Joey R. Hood	CD	Tunis	1956	December 21, 2022
Turkey	List	Vacant since September 1, 2024 Michael B. Goldman, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Ankara	1831
Turkmenistan	List	Elizabeth Rood	CD	Ashgabat	1992	May 2, 2024
Tuvalu^{[lower-alpha 7]}	List	Marie C. Damour	CD	Suva	1979	August 4, 2022
Uganda	List	William W. Popp	CD	Kampala	1963	July 27, 2023
Ukraine	List	Bridget A. Brink	CD	Kyiv	1992	May 18, 2022
United Arab Emirates	List	Martina A. Strong	CD	Abu Dhabi	1972	July 27, 2023
United Kingdom^{[lower-alpha 17]}	List	Jane D. Hartley	PA	London	1791	May 25, 2022
Uruguay	List	Heide B. Fulton	CD	Montevideo	1867	December 13, 2022
Uzbekistan	List	Jonathan Henick	CD	Tashkent	1992	August 4, 2022
Vanuatu^{[lower-alpha 16]}	List	Ann M. Yastishock	CD	Port Moresby	1986	November 29, 2023
Venezuela	List	Vacant since May 19, 2023 Francisco Palmieri, chief of mission	(N/A)	Caracas	1835
Vietnam	List	Marc Knapper	CD	Hanoi	1997	December 18, 2021
Yemen	List	Steven Fagin	CD	Sanaa	1988	April 7, 2022
Zambia	List	Michael C. Gonzales	CD	Lusaka	1965	August 4, 2022
Zimbabwe	List	Pamela Tremont	CD	Harare	1980	May 2, 2024
Abkhazia	The Republic of Abkhazia is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States.
Northern Cyprus	The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States.
Palestine	The State of Palestine is not recognized by the United States.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States^{[lower-alpha 18]}
South Ossetia	The Republic of South Ossetia is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States.

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Ambassadors to the United Nations

Current ambassadors from the United States to the United Nations:

More information Host organization, List ...

Host organization	List	Location	Ambassador	Background	Website	Confirmed
United Nations	List	New York, United States	Linda Thomas-Greenfield	PA	New York City	February 23, 2021
United Nations (Deputy)	List	New York City, United States	Dorothy Shea	CD	New York City	August 1, 2024
United Nations (Management and Reform)	List	New York, United States	Chris Lu	PA	New York City	December 18, 2021
United Nations (Special Political Affairs)	List	New York, United States	Robert A. Wood	PA	New York City	September 20, 2022
United Nations Economic and Social Council	List	New York, United States	Lisa Carty	PA	New York City	February 8, 2022
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization	List	Paris, France	Courtney O'Donnell	PA	Paris	May 15, 2024
United Nations Human Rights Council	List	Geneva, Switzerland	Michèle Taylor	PA	Geneva	February 17, 2022
United Nations International Organizations in Geneva	List	Geneva, Switzerland	Bathsheba Nell Crocker	PA	Geneva	December 18, 2021
United Nations International Organizations in Rome (U.N. Agencies for Food and Agriculture)	List	Rome, Italy	Jeffrey Prescott	PA	Rome	February 8, 2024
United Nations International Organizations in Vienna	List	Vienna, Austria	Laura Holgate	PA	Vienna	December 18, 2021

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Other international organizations

Current ambassadors from the United States to other international organizations:

More information Host organization, List ...

Host organization	List	Location	Ambassador	Background	Website	Confirmed
African Union	List	Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Stephanie S. Sullivan	CD	Addis Ababa	June 20, 2024
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation	List	Singapore	Matthew D. Murray	CD	Singapore	July 27, 2023
Asian Development Bank	List	Mandaluyong, Philippines	Chantale Wong	PA	Mandaluyong	February 8, 2022
Association of Southeast Asian Nations	List	Jakarta, Indonesia	Vacant since August 27, 2024 Kate Rebholz, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Jakarta
Conference on Disarmament	List	Geneva, Switzerland	Bruce I. Turner	CD	Geneva	September 13, 2022
European Union	List	Brussels, Belgium	Mark Gitenstein	PA	Brussels	December 18, 2021
International Atomic Energy Agency	List	Vienna, Austria	Laura Holgate	PA	Vienna	March 29, 2022
International Civil Aviation Organization	List	Montreal, Quebec, Canada	Vacant since July 1, 2022 Anthony Clare, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Montreal
North Atlantic Treaty Organization	List	Brussels, Belgium	Julianne Smith	PA	Brussels	November 18, 2021
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development	List	Paris, France	Sean Patrick Maloney	PA	Paris	March 12, 2024
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons	List	The Hague, Netherlands	Nicole Shampaine	CD	The Hague	February 6, 2024
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe	List	Vienna, Austria	Vacant since April 4, 2024 Katherine Brucker, chargé d'affaires a.i.	(N/A)	Vienna
Organization of American States	List	Washington, D.C., United States	Francisco O. Mora	PA	Washington, D.C.	December 14, 2022

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Current ambassadors-at-large from the United States with worldwide responsibility:^[12]^[13]

More information Portfolio, List ...

Portfolio	List	Ambassador	Background	Confirmed
Arctic Affairs	List	Michael Sfraga	PA	September 24, 2024
Counterterrorism	List	Elizabeth H. Richard	CD	December 19, 2023
Cyberspace and Digital Policy	List	Nathaniel Fick	PA	September 15, 2022
Global AIDS Combat^{[lower-alpha 19]}	List	John Nkengasong	PA	May 5, 2022
Global Criminal Justice	List	Beth Van Schaack	PA	March 15, 2022
Global Women's Issues	List	Geeta Rao Gupta	PA	May 10, 2023
International Religious Freedom	List	Rashad Hussain	PA	December 16, 2021
Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons	List	Cindy Dyer	PA	December 20, 2022

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Officials who were granted the rank of ambassador in their senate confirmations:

Office of the United States Trade Representative

More information Position, Ambassador ...

Position	Ambassador	Background	Confirmed
United States Trade Representative	Katherine Tai	PA	March 17, 2021
Deputy United States Trade Representative (Western Hemisphere, Europe, the Middle East, Labor, and Environment)	Vacant since November 1, 2023	(N/A)
Deputy United States Trade Representative (Asia, Africa, Investment, Services, Textiles, and Industrial Competitiveness)	Vacant since January 29, 2024	(N/A)
Deputy United States Trade Representative (Geneva Office)	Maria Pagan	PA	March 10, 2022
Chief Agricultural Negotiator, Office of the United States Trade Representative	Doug McKalip	PA	December 22, 2022
Chief Innovation and Intellectual Property Negotiator, Office of the United States Trade Representative	Vacant since February 24, 2016	(N/A)

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U.S. State Department

More information Position, Ambassador ...

Position	Ambassador	Background	Confirmed
Chief of Protocol	Vacant since July 31, 2023 Ethan Rosenzweig, Acting Chief of Protocol	(N/A)
Coordinator for International Communications and Information	Stephan A. Lang	CD	May 14, 2024
Director of the Office of Foreign Missions	Rebecca E. Gonzales	CD	May 19, 2022
Head of the Office of Sanctions Coordination	Vacant since October 5, 2023	(N/A)
Special Envoy on North Korean Human Rights Issues	Julie Turner	CD	July 27, 2023
Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism	Deborah Lipstadt	PA	March 30, 2022
Special Representative of the President for Nuclear Nonproliferation	Adam M. Scheinman	PA	March 18, 2021

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Senior diplomatic representatives of the United States hosted in posts other than embassies. Unlike other consulates, these persons report directly to the Secretary of State.

More information Host country, List ...

Host country	List	Ambassador	Title	Website	Appointed
Curaçao^{[lower-alpha 20]}	List	Margy Bond	Consul General and Chief of Mission	Curaçao	January 20, 2022
Hong Kong^{[lower-alpha 21]}	List	Gregory May	Consul General and Chief of Mission	Hong Kong	September 2022
Taiwan	List	Sandra Oudkirk	Director (of the nominally independent American Institute in Taiwan)	Taipei	July 15, 2021

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These diplomatic officials report directly to the Secretary of State. Many oversee a portfolio not restricted to one nation, often an overall goal, and are not usually subject to Senate confirmation.^[14]^[13]^[15] Unlike the State Department offices and diplomats listed in other sections of this Article, the offices and special envoys/representatives/coordinators listed in this Section are created and staffed by direction of top Federal Executive administrators – primarily U.S. Presidents and Secretaries of State – whose political or organizational management philosophies may not be shared by their successors.^[16]^[17]^[18] As such, many of these positions may go unfilled upon assumption of office by successor Presidential Administrations, with their offices sometimes merged with or subsumed into other offices, or abolished altogether.

More information Portfolio, Title ...

Portfolio	Title	Officeholder	Website	Appointed
Advance the Human Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex (LGBTQI+) Persons	Special Envoy	Jessica Stern		September 27, 2021
Afghan Women, Girls, and Human Rights	Special Envoy	Rina Amiri		January 6, 2022
Afghanistan	Special Representative	Thomas West		October 20, 2021
Atlantic Cooperation	Senior Coordinator	Jessica Lapenn		December 30, 2022
Biodiversity and Water Resources	Special Envoy	Vacant since April 28, 2023
The Biological Weapons Convention	Special Representative	Kenneth D. Ward		March 30, 2022
China	Coordinator	Mark Baxter Lambert		September 29, 2023
City and State Diplomacy	Special Representative	Nina Hachigian		October 3, 2022
Climate	Special Presidential Envoy	Sue Biniaz (deputy)		January 20, 2021
Climate	Special Presidential Envoy	Rick Duke (deputy)		January 20, 2021
Commercial and Business Affairs	Special Representative	Sarah Morgenthau		October 27, 2023
Counterterrorism	Coordinator	Elizabeth H. Richard		December 29, 2023
Critical and Emerging Technology	Special Envoy	Seth Center (deputy)		January 3, 2023
Digital Freedom	Special Envoy and Coordinator	Eileen Donahoe		September 6, 2023
The Diplomatic Security Service for Security Infrastructure	Senior Coordinator	Erin Smart		July 8, 2024
The DPRK	Special Representative	Sung Y. Kim		May 21, 2021
Global Anti-Corruption	Coordinator	Richard Nephew		July 5, 2022
The Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS	Special Envoy	Elizabeth H. Richard		December 29, 2023
Global Democratic Renewal	Coordinator	Vacant since January 22, 2024
The Global Engagement Center	Special Envoy and Coordinator	James Rubin		December 15, 2022
Global Food Security	Special Envoy	Cary Fowler		May 5, 2022
Global Partnerships	Special Representative	Dorothy McAuliffe		June 6, 2022
Global Youth Issues	Special Envoy	Abby Finkenauer		November 21, 2022
Haiti	Special Envoy	Vacant since September 22, 2021
Health Incident Response Task Force	Coordinator	Jonathan M. Moore		November 15, 2021
Holocaust Issues	Special Envoy	Ellen Germain		August 23, 2021
The Horn of Africa	Special Envoy	Mike Hammer		June 1, 2022
Hostage Affairs	Special Presidential Envoy	Roger D. Carstens		March 2, 2020
International Labor Affairs	Special Representative	Kelly Fay Rodríguez		December 5, 2022
Iran	Special Envoy	Robert Malley		January 28, 2021
Israel and the Palestinian Authority	Security Coordinator	Michael R. Fenzel		November 2021
Lawful Migration	Senior Coordinator	Holly C. Holzer		August 7, 2023
Libya	Special Envoy	Richard B. Norland		May 10, 2021
Monitor and Combat Antisemitism	Special Envoy	Deborah Lipstadt		May 3, 2022
Middle East Humanitarian Issues	Special Envoy	David M. Satterfield		October 15, 2023
North Korean Human Rights Issues	Special Envoy	Julie Turner		October 13, 2023
Northern Ireland for Economic Affairs	Special Envoy	Joe Kennedy III		December 19, 2022
Northern Triangle	Special Envoy	Vacant since July 28, 2023
Nuclear Nonproliferation	Special Representative	Adam M. Scheinman		December 20, 2021
Palestinian Affairs	Special Representative	Hady Amr		November 22, 2022
The Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment	Special Coordinator	Helaina R. Matza (acting)		May 31, 2023
Racial Equity and Justice	Special Representative	Desirée Cormier Smith		June 17, 2022
The Sahel Region of Africa	Special Envoy	Vacant since January 20, 2021
Syria Engagement	Special Representative	Vacant since September 17, 2021
Tibetan Issues	Special Coordinator	Uzra Zeya		July 14, 2021
U.S. Assistance to Europe and Eurasia	Coordinator	Maria A. Longi		October 24, 2022
Ukraine's Economic Recovery	Special Representative	Penny Pritzker		September 14, 2023
United Nations International Organizations in Nairobi	Permanent Representative	Jennifer Harwood	Nairobi	May 2023
Venezuela	Special Representative	Vacant since January 20, 2021
Western Balkans	Special Representative	Gabriel Escobar		September 7, 2021
Yemen	Special Envoy	Tim Lenderking		February 4, 2021

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Bhutan: According to the U.S. State Department, "The United States and the Kingdom of Bhutan have not established formal diplomatic relations; however, the two governments have informal and cordial relations."^[19] Informal contact with the nation of Bhutan is maintained through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.^[19]
Iran: On April 7, 1980, the United States broke diplomatic relations with Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution.^[20] On April 24, 1981, the Swiss government assumed representation of U.S. interests in Tehran, and Algeria assumed representation of Iranian interests in the United States.^[21] Currently, Iranian interests in the United States are represented by the government of Pakistan. The U.S. Department of State named Iran a "State Sponsor of Terrorism" on January 19, 1984.^[22]
North Korea: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is not on friendly terms with the United States, and while talks between the two countries are ongoing, there is no exchange of ambassadors. Sweden functions as Protective Power for the United States in Pyongyang and performs limited consular responsibilities for U.S. citizens in North Korea.^[23]
Syria: On February 6, 2012, the United States suspended operations at its embassy in Damascus.^[24] On May 5, 2014, the United States recognized the National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces as the foreign mission of Syria.^[25]
Taiwan: With the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China in 1979, the United States has not maintained official diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Relations between Taiwan and the United States are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office, with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington, D.C., and twelve other U.S. cities. The Taipei Office of the American Institute in Taiwan, a non-profit, public corporation, functions as a de facto embassy, performing most consular functions and staffed by Foreign Service Officers who are formally "on leave".^[26]

Many well-known individuals have served the United States as ambassadors, or in formerly analogous positions such as envoy, including several who also became President of the United States (indicated in boldface below). Some notable ambassadors have included:

More information Ambassador, Host country or organization ...

Ambassador	Host country or organization
John Adams	United Kingdom, Netherlands
John Quincy Adams	United Kingdom, Russia, Netherlands, Germany
Madeleine Albright	United Nations
Lindy Boggs	Holy See
John Bolton	United Nations
Carol Moseley Braun	New Zealand
Paul Bremer	Netherlands
James Buchanan	Russia, United Kingdom
George H. W. Bush	United Nations, China
Lewis Cass	France
Cassius Marcellus Clay	Russia
George M. Dallas	Russia, United Kingdom
John W. Davis	United Kingdom
Charles G. Dawes	United Kingdom
William L. Dayton	France
Frederick Douglass	Haiti
Lawrence Eagleburger	Yugoslavia
Geraldine Ferraro	UNHRC
Tom Foley	Japan
Benjamin Franklin	France, Sweden
John Kenneth Galbraith	India
Bill Hagerty	Japan
Nikki Haley	United Nations
Hannibal Hamlin	Spain
Averell Harriman	Soviet Union, United Kingdom
Pamela Harriman	France
Patricia Roberts Harris	Luxembourg
William Henry Harrison	Colombia
Richard Holbrooke	Germany, United Nations
Jon Huntsman Jr.	Singapore, China, Russia
Washington Irving	Spain
John Jay	Spain

Ambassador	Host country or organization
Thomas Jefferson	France
Caroline Kennedy	Japan, Australia
Jean Kennedy Smith	Ireland
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.	United Kingdom
William R. King	France
Jeane Kirkpatrick	United Nations
Robert Todd Lincoln	United Kingdom
Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.	United Nations, Germany
Clare Boothe Luce	Italy
George C. Marshall	China
Cindy McCain	UN Agencies for Food and Agriculture
George McGovern	UN-Rome
John Y. Mason	France
Walter Mondale	Japan
James Monroe	France, United Kingdom
Levi P. Morton	France
Daniel Patrick Moynihan	India, United Nations
Phil Murphy	Germany
John Negroponte	Honduras, Mexico, Philippines, UN, Iraq
James Lawrence Orr	Russia
George H. Pendleton	Germany
Joel Roberts Poinsett	Mexico
Whitelaw Reid	France, United Kingdom
Bill Richardson	United Nations
Donald Rumsfeld	NATO
Sargent Shriver	France
Shirley Temple	Czechoslovakia, Ghana
Adlai Stevenson II	United Nations
Andrew Stevenson	United Kingdom
Martin Van Buren	United Kingdom
Paul Wolfowitz	Indonesia
Charles Yost	Laos, Syria, Morocco, United Nations

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Eight United States Ambassadors have been killed in office – six of them by armed attack and the other two in plane crashes.^[27]

More information Name, Ambassador to ...

Name	Ambassador to	Place	Country	Date of death	Killed by
Laurence Steinhardt	Canada	Ramsayville, Ontario	Canada	March 28, 1950	plane crash
John Gordon Mein	Guatemala	Guatemala City	Guatemala	August 28, 1968	attack by Rebel Armed Forces
Cleo A. Noel Jr.	Sudan	Khartoum	Sudan	March 2, 1973	attack by Black September Organization
Rodger Davies	Cyprus	Nicosia	Cyprus	August 19, 1974	attack during Greek Cypriot demonstration
Francis E. Meloy Jr.	Lebanon	Beirut	Lebanon	June 16, 1976	attack by Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Adolph Dubs	Afghanistan	Kabul	Afghanistan	February 14, 1979	attack by Settam-e-Melli
Arnold Lewis Raphel	Pakistan	Bahawalpur	Pakistan	August 17, 1988	plane crash
J. Christopher Stevens	Libya	Benghazi	Libya	September 11, 2012	attack by Ansar al-Sharia on a U.S. diplomatic mission

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The U.S. Embassy in Kabul transferred operations to Doha, Qatar, on August 31, 2021, following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban.^[9]^[10] Since December 31, 2021, the U.S. Interests Section at the Embassy of Qatar in Kabul has served as the protecting power for the U.S. in Afghanistan.^[11]
One ambassador, resident at Madrid, is accredited to Andorra and Spain.
One ambassador, resident at Luanda, is accredited to Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe.
One ambassador, resident at Bridgetown, is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
In 1989 the military government of Burma changed the name of the nation to Myanmar, but the United States government and other Western governments still refer to the country as Burma in official usage.
One ambassador, resident at Antananarivo, is accredited to Madagascar and Comoros.
One ambassador, resident at Suva, is accredited to Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu.
One ambassador, resident at Paris, is accredited to France and Monaco.
One ambassador, resident at Dakar, is accredited to Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.
One ambassador, resident at Rome, is accredited to Italy and San Marino.
One ambassador, resident at Bern, is accredited to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
One ambassador, resident at Port Louis, is accredited to Mauritius and Seychelles.
One ambassador, resident at Wellington, is accredited to New Zealand and Samoa.
Hugo F. Rodriguez was confirmed as ambassador by the senate on September 29, 2022, but has been rejected by Nicaragua.
American citizens who travel to North Korea do so at their own risk and in some cases in violation of U.S. and/or UN sanctions.
One ambassador, resident at Port Moresby, is accredited to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
The ambassador to the U.K. is known as the "Ambassador to the Court of St. James's".
The U.S. also does not recognize Moroccan claims to sovereignty over Western Sahara.
Full title is Ambassador-at-Large, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and Senior Bureau Official for Global Health Security and Diplomacy
While solely accredited to Curaçao, the United States Consul General to Curaçao is responsible for all the countries and special municipalities of the former Netherlands Antilles, including Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.
The United States Consul General to Hong Kong, resident in Hong Kong, is concurrently accredited to Macau.

[1]
U.S. Senate – Powers & Procedure Archived October 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Senate.gov; retrieved May 25, 2012.
[2]
Henry B. Hogue. "Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
[3]
"List of U.S. Ambassadors". United States Department of State.
[4]
"Chiefs of Mission Listed by Country". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
[5]
"Ambassadors at Large". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
[6]
"Chiefs of Mission to International Organizations". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
[7]
Burns, William J.; Thomas-Greenfield, Linda (September 23, 2020). "The Transformation of Diplomacy: How to Save the State Department". Foreign Affairs. Vol. 99, no. 6. ISSN 0015-7120.
[8]
"Current list of U.S. Ambassadors". United States Department of State. United States Department of State. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
[9]
Jakes, Lara (August 30, 2021). "In a final blow of the 20-year war, U.S. envoys close their embassy and exit Kabul". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
[10]
U.S. Embassy in Kabul (August 31, 2021). "Security Message: Suspension of Operations". Retrieved April 2, 2022.
[11]
Beitsch, Rebecca; Rai, Sarakshi (November 12, 2021). "Qatar to formally represent US interests in Afghanistan". The Hill. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
[12]
"United States Ambassadors at Large". Archived from the original on January 17, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
[13]
"Assistant Secretaries and Other Senior Officials". Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
[14]
"Special Envoys, Representatives and Coordinators". American Foreign Service Association. January 7, 2019. Archived from the original on January 18, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
[15]
"Alphabetical List of Bureaus and Offices". Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
[16]
Torres-Bennett, Aileen (October 31, 2017). "Tillerson Wants to Whittle Down Number of Special Envoys". washdiplomat.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
[17]
Labott, Elise; Gaouette, Nicole; Herb, Jeremy (August 29, 2017). "First on CNN: Tillerson moves to ditch special envoys". CNN. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
[18]
Kanowitz, Stephanie (October 31, 2017). "SIDEBAR: Who's In and Who's Out". washdiplomat.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
[19]
"Bhutan (08/04)". United States Department of State.
[20]
Goshko, John M.; Walsh, Edward (April 8, 1980). "U.S. Breaks Diplomatic Ties With Iran: Carter Breaks Ties, Orders Ouster of Iranian Diplomats". The Washington Post. p. A1. ProQuest 147221464.
[21]
"Former No. 2 Iran Diplomat To Be Allowed Back in U.S.". The Washington Post. April 25, 1980. p. A27. ProQuest 147210403.
[22]
"Chapter 3 – State Sponsors of Terrorism Overview". State.gov. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
[23]
"The Embassy | SwedenAbroad". swedenabroad.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
[24]
"Suspending Embassy Operations in Syria". U.S. State Department. February 6, 2012.
[25]
"U.S. recognizes Syria opposition offices as 'foreign mission'". Reuters. May 5, 2014.
[26]
Roy, Denny (2003). Taiwan: a political history (1. publ. ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801488054.
[27]
"US Ambassadors Killed in the Line of Duty". Associated Press. September 12, 2012. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012.

[12] The U.S. Embassy in Kabul transferred operations to Doha, Qatar, on August 31, 2021, following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban.^[9]^[10] Since December 31, 2021, the U.S. Interests Section at the Embassy of Qatar in Kabul has served as the protecting power for the U.S. in Afghanistan.^[11]

[Spain-13] One ambassador, resident at Madrid, is accredited to Andorra and Spain.

[Angola-14] One ambassador, resident at Luanda, is accredited to Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe.

[Barbados-15] One ambassador, resident at Bridgetown, is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

[16] In 1989 the military government of Burma changed the name of the nation to Myanmar, but the United States government and other Western governments still refer to the country as Burma in official usage.

[Madagascar-17] One ambassador, resident at Antananarivo, is accredited to Madagascar and Comoros.

[Fiji-18] One ambassador, resident at Suva, is accredited to Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu.

[France-19] One ambassador, resident at Paris, is accredited to France and Monaco.

[Senegal-20] One ambassador, resident at Dakar, is accredited to Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.

[Italy-21] One ambassador, resident at Rome, is accredited to Italy and San Marino.

[Switzerland-22] One ambassador, resident at Bern, is accredited to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

[Mauritius-23] One ambassador, resident at Port Louis, is accredited to Mauritius and Seychelles.

[NewZealand-24] One ambassador, resident at Wellington, is accredited to New Zealand and Samoa.

[25] Hugo F. Rodriguez was confirmed as ambassador by the senate on September 29, 2022, but has been rejected by Nicaragua.

[26] American citizens who travel to North Korea do so at their own risk and in some cases in violation of U.S. and/or UN sanctions.

[Papua-27] One ambassador, resident at Port Moresby, is accredited to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.

[28] The ambassador to the U.K. is known as the "Ambassador to the Court of St. James's".

[29] The U.S. also does not recognize Moroccan claims to sovereignty over Western Sahara.

[32] Full title is Ambassador-at-Large, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and Senior Bureau Official for Global Health Security and Diplomacy

[33] While solely accredited to Curaçao, the United States Consul General to Curaçao is responsible for all the countries and special municipalities of the former Netherlands Antilles, including Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.

[34] The United States Consul General to Hong Kong, resident in Hong Kong, is concurrently accredited to Macau.

[1] [1]
U.S. Senate – Powers & Procedure Archived October 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Senate.gov; retrieved May 25, 2012.

[recess1-2] [2]
Henry B. Hogue. "Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2012.

[StateDept1-3] [3]
"List of U.S. Ambassadors". United States Department of State.

[StateDept3-4] [4]
"Chiefs of Mission Listed by Country". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2018.

[StateDept4-5] [5]
"Ambassadors at Large". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.

[StateDept5-6] [6]
"Chiefs of Mission to International Organizations". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.

[ForeignAffairs20200923-7] [7]
Burns, William J.; Thomas-Greenfield, Linda (September 23, 2020). "The Transformation of Diplomacy: How to Save the State Department". Foreign Affairs. Vol. 99, no. 6. ISSN 0015-7120.

[8] [8]
"Current list of U.S. Ambassadors". United States Department of State. United States Department of State. Retrieved November 7, 2021.

[9] [9]
Jakes, Lara (August 30, 2021). "In a final blow of the 20-year war, U.S. envoys close their embassy and exit Kabul". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 2, 2022.

[10] [10]
U.S. Embassy in Kabul (August 31, 2021). "Security Message: Suspension of Operations". Retrieved April 2, 2022.

[11] [11]
Beitsch, Rebecca; Rai, Sarakshi (November 12, 2021). "Qatar to formally represent US interests in Afghanistan". The Hill. Retrieved April 3, 2022.

[30] [12]
"United States Ambassadors at Large". Archived from the original on January 17, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.

[List_of_Bureaus-31] [13]
"Assistant Secretaries and Other Senior Officials". Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2019.

[35] [14]
"Special Envoys, Representatives and Coordinators". American Foreign Service Association. January 7, 2019. Archived from the original on January 18, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.

[36] [15]
"Alphabetical List of Bureaus and Offices". Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.

[WashDiplo1-37] [16]
Torres-Bennett, Aileen (October 31, 2017). "Tillerson Wants to Whittle Down Number of Special Envoys". washdiplomat.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2019.

[CNNaug2017-38] [17]
Labott, Elise; Gaouette, Nicole; Herb, Jeremy (August 29, 2017). "First on CNN: Tillerson moves to ditch special envoys". CNN. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.

[WashDiplo2-39] [18]
Kanowitz, Stephanie (October 31, 2017). "SIDEBAR: Who's In and Who's Out". washdiplomat.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2019.

[bhutan-40] [19]
"Bhutan (08/04)". United States Department of State.

[iran-41] [20]
Goshko, John M.; Walsh, Edward (April 8, 1980). "U.S. Breaks Diplomatic Ties With Iran: Carter Breaks Ties, Orders Ouster of Iranian Diplomats". The Washington Post. p. A1. ProQuest 147221464.

[42] [21]
"Former No. 2 Iran Diplomat To Be Allowed Back in U.S.". The Washington Post. April 25, 1980. p. A27. ProQuest 147210403.

[state2010-43] [22]
"Chapter 3 – State Sponsors of Terrorism Overview". State.gov. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2011.

[44] [23]
"The Embassy | SwedenAbroad". swedenabroad.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2016.

[45] [24]
"Suspending Embassy Operations in Syria". U.S. State Department. February 6, 2012.

[46] [25]
"U.S. recognizes Syria opposition offices as 'foreign mission'". Reuters. May 5, 2014.

[47] [26]
Roy, Denny (2003). Taiwan: a political history (1. publ. ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801488054.

[48] [27]
"US Ambassadors Killed in the Line of Duty". Associated Press. September 12, 2012. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012.

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