Tuyuca language
Eastern Tucanoan language of Columbia and Brazil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eastern Tucanoan language of Columbia and Brazil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tuyuca[2] (also Dochkafuara, Tejuca, Tuyuka, Dojkapuara, Doxká-Poárá, Doka-Poara, or Tuiuca) is an Eastern Tucanoan language (similar to Tucano). Tuyuca is spoken by the Tuyuca, an indigenous ethnic group of some 500-1000 people, who inhabit the watershed of the Papuri River, the Inambú River, and the Tiquié River, in Vaupés Department, Colombia, and Amazonas State, Brazil.
Tuyuca is a postpositional agglutinative subject–object–verb language with mandatory type II evidentiality.[3] Five evidentiality paradigms are used: visual, nonvisual, apparent, second-hand, and assumed, but second-hand evidentiality exists only in the past tense, and apparent evidentiality does not occur in the first-person present tense.[4] The language is estimated to have 50 to 140 noun classes.[5][unreliable source]
Tuyuca's consonants are /p t k b d ɡ s r w j h/, and its vowels are /i ɨ u e a o/, with syllable nasalization and pitch accent occurring as well.[4]
The following words show some of the consonant contrasts.[6]
Velar and palatal contrasts
Segments in a word are either all nasal or all oral.
Note that voiceless segments are transparent.
See further remarks regarding the oral/nasal nature of affixes in the Morphophonemics section.
Tuyuca's two suprasegmental features are tone and nasalization.
There is a high tone (H) and a low tone (L) in Tuyuca. The phonological word has only one high tone, which may occur in any syllable of the word. The low tone has two variants: a mid-tone, which occurs in words with at least three syllables in free variation, and the low tone, which occurs in internal syllables that have [i] that is contiguous to the high tone but not preceded by a low tone.
Nasalization is phonemic and operates at the root level.
A syllable is any unit that may take tone and has a vocalic nucleus, regardless of whether or not it has a consonant before it.
All affixes are in one of the two classes:
When a nasal CV suffix occurs and C is a continuant or a vibrant /r/, regressive nasalization is undergone by the preceding vowel.
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