Turiyatitavadhuta Upanishad
Minor Upanishad of Hinduism / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Turiyatitavadhuta Upanishad (Sanskrit: तुरीयातीत अवधूत उपनिषद्, IAST: Turīyatītāvadhūta Upaniṣad) is a medieval era Sanskrit text and is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism.[5] The text is attached to the Shukla Yajurveda,[3] and is one of the 20 Sannyasa (renunciation) Upanishads.[2]
Turiyatitavadhuta Upanishad | |
---|---|
Devanagari | तुरीयातीतावधूत |
IAST | Turīyatītāvadhūta |
Title means | Liberated person beyond Turiya |
Date | 14th or 15th century[1] |
Type | Sannyasa[2] |
Linked Veda | Shukla Yajurveda[3] |
Chapters | 1[4] |
Philosophy | Vedanta |
The Upanishad is notable for its description of the nature and life of a self-realized monk called Turiyatita-Avadhuta, literally a totally liberated man, also called a Avadhuta or Jivanmukta.[4][6][7] Such a person, asserts the text, is rare.[8] The self-realized individual does not perform any rituals or rites, nor chant mantras, discriminate against or for others, and is beyond the Turiya state of consciousness.[4][9] In the Paramahamsa state, he is devoted to non-dualism, is always soul-driven, is Brahman and syllable Om.[8] The exact distinction between Paramahamsa, Avadhuta and Turiyatita-Avadhuta states is obscure, states Patrick Olivelle, but these concepts represent an attempt in the Hindu traditions to comprehend, refine and describe the inner and outer state of self-realization and the highest monastic life.[10]
This text is a part of the collection of ancient and medieval Sannyasa Upanishads, most of which are premised entirely on the Advaita Vedanta philosophy.[11][12][13] However, unlike other Sannyasa Upanishads, the Turiyatita text uses some Vaishnavism terminology, but not to the same extent as the Sannyasa-related Shatyayaniya Upanishad.[12][4] This text also emphasizes nondualism.[4][14]